Table 2 Association between maternal mental health during pregnancy and gestational weight gain for women followed at a public health care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2009–2012.

From: Maternal mental health and gestational weight gain in a Brazilian Cohort

 

Gestational weight gaina (kg, n = 206)

Model 1

Model 2

β (95% CI)b

p-valuec

β (95% CI)b

p-valuec

First trimester major depressive disorder (no/yes)

0.15 (− 1.43; 1.73)

0.854

− 0.04 (− 1.63; 1.55)

0.959

Gestational weeks

− 0.48 (− 0.77; − 0.19)

0.001

− 0.46 (− 0.76; − 0.18)

0.002

Quadratic gestational weeks

0.04 (0.02; 0.05)

 < 0.001

0.04 (0.02; 0.05)

 < 0.001

Cubic gestational weeks

− 0.0005 (− 0.0007; − 0.0003)

 < 0.001

− 0.0005 (− 0.0007; − 0.0003)

 < 0.001

Interaction termd

 Major depressive disorder#gestational weeks

− 0.08 (− 0.14; − 0.02)

0.008

− 0.08 (− 0.14; − 0.02)

0.015

Persistent depressive symptoms (no/yes)

− 1.40 (− 3.42; 0.62)

0.173

− 1.27 (− 3.31; 0.76)

0.220

Gestational weeks

− 0.54 (− 0.84; − 0.24)

 < 0.001

− 0.54 (− 0.84; − 0.24)

 < 0.001

Quadratic gestational weeks

0.04 (0.03; 0.06)

< 0.001

0.04 (0.03; 0.06)

< 0.001

Cubic gestational weeks

− 0.0005 (− 0.0007; − 0.0003)

 < 0.001

− 0.0005 (− 0.0007; − 0.0003)

 < 0.001

Interaction termd

 Persistent depressive symptoms#gestational weeks

− 0.10 (− 0.17; − 0.02)

0.011

− 0.10 (− 0.17; − 0.02)

0.010

Second-trimester anxiety symptoms (no/yes)

0.44 (− 0.76; 1.65)

0.474

0.37 (− 0.84; 1.58)

0.381

Gestational weeks

− 0.47 (− 0.77; − 0.18)

0.002

− 0.46 (− 0.76; − 0.16)

0.002

Quadratic gestational weeks

0.04 (0.02; 0.05)

 < 0.001

0.04 (0.02; 0.05)

 < 0.001

Cubic gestational weeks

− 0.0005 (− 0.0007; − 0.0003)

 < 0.001

− 0.0005 (− 0.0007; − 0.0003)

 < 0.001

Interaction termd

 State anxiety score #gestational weeks

− 0.07 (− 0.11; − 0.02)

0.005

− 0.06 (− 0.10; − 0.02)

0.006

  1. Major depressive disorder was assessed using Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Persistent depressive symptoms were classified as ‘yes’ if the women presented Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥ 11 at the three pregnancy trimesters. State anxiety symptoms were measured using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Model 1 was adjusted for linear, quadratic, and cubic gestational weeks; Model 2 was further adjusted for desire to be pregnant, education, marital status, pre-pregnancy leisure time physical activity, parity, and pre-pregnancy body mass index.
  2. aCumulative gestational weight gain; bLongitudinal linear regression coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI); cp-value refers to maximum likelihood estimator; dThe interaction term between mental health status and gestational weeks tests whether there were different trajectories of gestational weight gain according to the categories of the mental health status variable.
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