Table 3 Clinical demographics of the AD/MCI group.

Age, year, mean ± SD (min; max)

77.45 ± 7.56 (37; 99)

80.23 ± 8.01 (58; 99)

70.92 ± 9.38 (49; 91)

72.46 ± 7.51 (46; 88)

73.82 ± 9.58 (50; 92)

p < 0.001^{a,d,e,f,g,h,i,j}

Education, year, mean ± SD (min; max)

7.33 ± 5.33 (0; 20)

6.40 ± 5.21 (0; 20)

7.83 ± 4.83 (0; 22)

12.25 ± 4.68 (0; 21)

13.98 ± 3.40 (0; 20)

p < 0.001^{a,b,c,d,e,g,h,i,j}

Female; n (%)

723 (65.8%)

247 (68.0%)

117 (54.7%)

123 (64.7%)

99 (55.0%)

p = 0.001^e,f,i,j

Hypertension; n (%)

491 (44.7%)

167 (47.2%)

120 (59.7%)

63 (36.2%)

113 (63.1%)

p < 0.001^a,b,c,i,j

Diabetes mellitus; n (%)

282 (25.7%)

82 (23.7%)

64 (31.8%)

27 (15.5%)

65 (36.1%)

p < 0.001^a,b,c,e,i

Hyperlipidemia; n (%)

215 (19.6%)

/

119 (59.2%)

57 (33.1%)

70 (38.9%)

p < 0.001^a,c,e,f,h

Ischemic heart disease; n (%)

122 (11.1%)

3 (4.1%)

20 (9.4%)

25 (14.4%)

35 (19.6%)

p = 0.002^e,h,i

Atrial fibrillation; n (%)

23 (2.6%)

3 (4.1%)

6 (2.8%)

6 (3.4%)

4 (2.2%)

p = 0.900

Smoker (either current or past); n (%)

41 (19.0%)

19 (18.1%)

14 (6.5%)

31 (17.9%)

54 (30.0%)

p < 0.001^c,f,h,j

MMSE, mean ± SD (min; max)

18.97 ± 5.58 (0; 30)

15.38 ± 6.38 (0; 28)

20.40 ± 5.58 (3; 30)

20.42 ± 6.46 (1; 30)

21.78 ± 6.08 (5; 30)

p < 0.001^{a,d,e,f,g,i,j}

WML = 0

182 (16.6%)

57 (15.7%)

15 (7.0%)

2 (1.1%)

12 (6.7%)

p < 0.001^{a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j}

WML = 1

570 (51.9%)

94 (25.9%)

75 (35.0%)

118 (62.1%)

134 (74.4%)

WML = 2

228 (20.7%)

90 (24.8%)

88 (41.1%)

61 (32.1%)

26 (14.4%)

WML = 3

119 (10.8%)

122 (33.6%)

36 (16.8%)

9 (4.7%)

8 (4.4%)

Prevalence of moderate to severe WML (≥ 2); n (%)

347 (31.6%)

212 (58.4%)

124 (57.9%)

70 (36.8%)

34 (18.9%)

p < 0.001^{b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i}