Table 2 Comparison of OPEFB pretreatment processes.

From: Optimization of OPEFB lignocellulose transformation process through ionic liquid [TEA][HSO4] based pretreatment

Pretreatment methods

Pretreatment stage

Optimization process

Combination of physics and chemistry

It is carried out in two steps: heating at high temperature and soaking using an alkaline solution

Heating temperature, alkaline concentration, OPEFB: alkaline ratio, and immersion time

Chemical solutions

Performed in two stages: deep immersion (i) alkaline solutions, and (ii) acid solutions

alkali and acid concentrations, immersion time for alkalis and acids, ratio of alkali/acid: OPEFB

ILs

Done in one stage (simultaneous stage)

ILs composition, temperature, pretreatment time, and reuse

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