Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to sex and DM status.

From: Sex-specific impact of diabetes mellitus on left ventricular systolic function and prognosis in heart failure

 

Men

Women

Non-DM (n = 1426)

DM (n = 792)

P-value

Non-DM (N = 1323)

DM (N = 639)

P-value

Age, year

70.0 (58.0–78.0)

71.0 (62.0–77.0)

0.153

77.0 (68.0–83.0)

75.0 (69.0–81.0)

0.126

BMI, kg/m2

23.0 (20.6–25.5)

23.7 (21.5–25.9)

 < 0.001

22.4 (19.8–25.3)

23.7 (21.3–26.7)

 < 0.001

SBP, mmHg

122 (108–140)

127 (110–146)

0.002

125 (110–142)

130 (111–151)

0.001

DBP, mmHg

72 (62–83)

71 (62–83)

0.313

71 (62–82)

72 (62–82)

0.767

Heart rate, bpm

85 (70–103)

85 (72–101)

0.695

85 (70–103)

87 (71–102)

0.319

NYHA class, n (%)

  

0.165

  

0.017

 I/II

82 (9.0)

50 (8.4)

 

79 (9.0)

23 (5.0)

 

 III

514 (56.4)

310 (52.2)

 

480 (54.6)

249 (53.9)

 

 IV

315 (34.6)

234 (39.4)

 

320 (36.4)

190 (41.1)

 

Past medical history, n (%)

      

 Hypertension

626 (43.9)

574 (72.5)

 < 0.001

714 (54.0)

481 (75.3)

 < 0.001

 IHD

409 (28.7)

396 (50.0)

 < 0.001

289 (21.8)

260 (40.7)

 < 0.001

 Atrial fibrillation

458 (32.1)

173 (21.8)

 < 0.001

449 (33.9)

150 (23.5)

 < 0.001

Laboratory findings

      

 TC, mg/dL

147 (120–176)

144 (117–173)

0.046

155 (131–188)

152 (123–185)

0.018

 Hemoglobin, g/L

13.3 (11.3–14.7)

12.5 (10.6–14.0)

 < 0.001

11.9 (10.4–13.2)

11.0 (9.8–12.4)

 < 0.001

 Sodium, mmol/L

138 (135–140)

137 (134–139)

 < 0.001

138 (134–140)

136 (133–139)

 < 0.001

 Potassium, mmol/L

4.1 (3.8–4.5)

4.3 (3.8–4.7)

 < 0.001

4.0 (3.7–4.5)

4.3 (3.8–4.8)

 < 0.001

 Troponin I, ng/mL

0.1 (0.0–1.3)

0.2 (0.0–2.8)

 < 0.001

0.1 (0.0–0.6)

0.1 (0.0–1.5)

0.001

 AST, IU/L

29.0 (20.0–45.0)

25.0 (18.0–39.0)

 < 0.001

27.0 (19.0–41.0)

24.0 (17.0–35.5)

 < 0.001

 ALT, IU/L

23.0 (14.0–39.0)

20.0 (12.0–35.0)

 < 0.001

18.0 (11.0–32.0)

17.0 (11.0–27.0)

0.019

 BUN, mg/dL

21.0 (15.4–29.0)

24.0 (17.0–36.0)

 < 0.001

19.0 (15.0–28.0)

22.6 (17.0–34.3)

 < 0.001

 Creatinine, mg/dL

1.1 (0.9–1.5)

1.3 (1.0–2.1)

 < 0.001

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

1.1 (0.8–1.7)

 < 0.001

 GFR, mL/min/1.73m2

67.5 (45.7–85.8)

52.9 (30.1–77.1)

 < 0.001

64.7 (42.7–84.2)

48.4 (28.6–72.9)

 < 0.001

 HbA1c, %*

5.8 (5.5–6.1)

7.0 (6.5–8.0)

 < 0.001

5.8 (5.5–6.1)

7.0 (6.5–8.1)

 < 0.001

 Presentation glucose level, mg/dL

116 (99–142)

169 (125–234)

 < 0.001

118 (100–146)

172 (127–244)

 < 0.001

 NT-proBNP, pg/mL

4014 (1481–8745)

5008 (2090–13,870)

 < 0.001

4799 (1845–11,735)

5253

(1752–13,874)

0.285

Medication, n (%)

      

 Beta-blockers

830 (58.2)

519 (65.5)

0.010

774 (58.5)

428 (67.0)

0.002

 RAS-blockers

977 (68.5)

566 (71.5)

0.670

859 (64.9)

455 (71.2)

0.025

 Spironolactone

640 (44.9)

338 (42.7)

0.124

617 (46.6)

282 (44.1)

0.187

 Diuretics

988 (69.3)

580 (73.2)

0.534

990 (74.8)

485 (75.9)

0.651

 Statins

668 (46.8)

543 (68.6)

 < 0.001

607 (45.9)

417 (65.3)

 < 0.001

  1. Values given as number (percentage), or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated.
  2. *HbA1c data was available in 42.3% patients.
  3. ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; BMI = body mass index; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; DM = diabetes mellitus; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; IHD = ischemic heart disease; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA = New York Heart Association; RAS = renin-angiotensin system; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TC = total cholesterol.
Back to article page