Table 2 Echocardiography characteristics of the study participants according to sex and DM status.

From: Sex-specific impact of diabetes mellitus on left ventricular systolic function and prognosis in heart failure

 

Men

  

Women

  

Non-DM (n = 1,426)

DM (n = 792)

P-value

Non-DM (N = 1,323)

DM (N = 639)

P-value

LVEDD, mm

56.0 (50.0–63.0)

55.0 (50.0–61.0)

0.038

50.0 (44.2–56.0)

50.0 (45.0–55.0)

0.921

LVESD, mm

44.0 (36.0–52.9)

43.8 (36.0–52.0)

0.254

36.0 (29.0–44.0)

36.0 (29.0–45.0)

0.599

LVEDV, mL

130 (97–180)

129 (93–170)

0.019

86 (62–120)

91 (65–125)

0.058

LVESV, mL

85 (54–130)

84 (49–123)

0.088

48.0 (27.9–79.8)

51.6 (31.7–85.1)

0.028

LV-EF, %

34.7 (25.0–49.0)

34.0 (25.0–48.4)

0.554

45.0 (32.0–58.0)

42.1 (30.0–57.0)

0.003

HFpEF, n (%)

337 (23.6)

177 (22.3)

0.526

557 (42.1)

226 (35.4)

0.005

LA diameter, mm

45.0 (39.0–52.0)

44.5 (39.7–50.7)

0.251

44.0 (38.0–50.0)

43.0 (38.5–48.6)

0.309

LA volume, mL

86 (62–119)

81 (63–111)

0.040

84 (61–119)

78 (59–100)

0.001

LAVI, mL/m2

50.3 (36.3–69.0)

46.7 (36.6–62.3)

0.014

57.0 (40.0–80.7)

50.4 (38.7–65.7)

 < 0.001

E wave, m/s

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

0.017

0.9 (0.6–1.1)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

0.051

A wave, m/s

0.6 (0.5–0.8)

0.7 (0.5–0.9)

 < 0.001

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

0.006

Deceleration time, s

160 (125–206)

156 (124–198)

0.203

170 (135–227)

168 (133–226)

0.488

E/e’ ratio

15.0 (10.5–21.4)

17.4 (12.3–24.3)

 < 0.001

16.7 (11.8–22.9)

18.8 (14.5–25.9)

 < 0.001

Septum, mm

10.0 (9.0–12.0)

10.7 (9.1–12.0)

0.052

10.0 (9.0–11.0)

10.0 (9.0–11.8)

0.001

Posterior wall, mm

10.0 (9.0–11.4)

10.0 (9.0–11.5)

0.699

10.0 (9.0–11.0)

10.0 (9.0–11.0)

0.001

LVMI, g/m2

133 (107–164)

133 (107–157)

0.096

123 (98–150)

123 (103–148)

0.632

RWT

0.4 (0.3–0.4)

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

0.077

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

0.4 (0.3–0.4)

0.050

LVH, n (%)

840 (58.9)

468 (59.1)

0.990

910 (68.8)

469 (73.4)

0.017

LVH type, n (%)

  

0.078

  

0.058

 Concentric LVH

236 (28.1)

154 (32.9)

 

354 (38.9)

208 (44.3)

 

 Eccentric LVH

604 (71.9)

314 (67.1)

 

556 (61.1)

261 (55.7)

 

 LV-GLS, %

9.7 (6.5–13.8)

9.2 (6.3–12.6)

0.014

11.3 (8.1–15.4)

10.1 (7.0–14.1)

 < 0.001

 RV-FAC, %

36.8 (24.0–46.3)

39.0 (26.0–50.0)

0.013

39.2 (27.0–49.6)

39.3 (29.3–50.2)

0.375

  1. Values given as number (percentage), or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated.
  2. HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LA, left atrium; LAVI, left atrium volume index; LV, left ventricle; LVEDD, LV end-diastolic diameter; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LV-EF, LV ejection fraction; LVESD, LV end-systolic diameter; LVESV, LV end-systolic volume; LV-GLS, LV global longitudinal strain; LVH, LV hypertrophy; LVMI, LV mass index; RV-FAC, right ventricular fractional area change; RWT, relative wall thickness.
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