Table 4 Coefficients and standard errors of the structural equation path models of direct and indirect effects of DM for mortality.

From: Sex-specific impact of diabetes mellitus on left ventricular systolic function and prognosis in heart failure

Causal paths

  

Total effects

Direct effects

Indirect effects

Standard Error

P-value

Men

  

0.078

  

0.021

 < 0.001

 DM

 

 → Mortality

 

0.055

 

0.021

0.011

 DM

 → IHD

 → Mortality

  

0.015

0.005

0.001

 DM

 → LV-GLS

 → Mortality

  

0.008

0.003

0.009

Women

  

0.090

  

0.022

 < 0.001

 DM

 

 → Mortality

 

0.076

 

0.023

0.001

 DM

 → IHD

 → Mortality

  

− 0.001

0.004

0.890

 DM

 → LV-GLS

 → Mortality

  

0.015

0.004

 < 0.001

  1. SEM models were constructed to identify the direct and indirect effects of DM on the mortality. 5-year death data was used for mortality.
  2. DM = diabetes mellitus; IHD = ischemic heart disease; LV-GLS = left ventricular global longitudinal strain; SEM = structural equation modeling.
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