Table 1 Background characteristics of the 26 studies included.

From: Prognostic factors for mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease in adult: a system review and meta-analysis

Authors	Year	Country	N	Mortality	Risk factors in summary	NOS
Farinas-Alvarez	2000	Spain	156	33.9%^a	Age, severity of illness, development of complications, parenteral nutrition	7
Kalin	2000	Sweden^d	460	11.5%^a	Age > 65 years, nursing home, chronic lung disease, acute physiology score	7
Fernndez-Guerrero	2003	Spain	156	33.9%^b	Multilobe pneumonia, inappropriate therapy, obtundation, nosocomial infection	6
Yu	2003	USA	844	16.9%^a	Age > 65 years, critical illness, immunodeficiency, nosocomial infection, underlying chronic disease, organism susceptibility	8
Maugein	2003	France	436	20.6%^a	Age > 60 years, immunodeficiency, focus of infection, nosocomial infection	7
Neuman	2007	USA	1574	13.0%^a	Age, male, race, nosocomial infection, immunodeficiency, focus of infection, organism susceptibility, others	7
Alanee	2007	Georgia^e	796	19.0%^a	Age ≥ 65 years, serotype, focus of infection, immunosuppression, chronic lung disease, suppurative lung complications	8
Lin	2010	Taiwan	302	19.2%^b	Age ≥ 65 years, nosocomial infection, immunosuppression, solid organ tumor, liver disease, heart disease	7
Lujan	2010	Spain	299	11.0%^b	Age, serotype, CCI, PSI	7
Mooiweer	2011	Netherlands	204	16.0%^a	Age appropriate treatment, CRP level	7
Song	2012	Korea	150	26.7%^b	Age ≥ 65 years, solid organ tumor, focus of infection, neutropenia, APACHE II score	7
Kang	2013	Korea	136	26.5%^b	Immunosuppression, septic shock, development of ARDS, levofloxacin resistance	8
Suzuki	2013	Japan	135	25.0%^a	Age, sex, CCI, septic shock, antibiotic selection	7
Rudnick	2013	Canada	6404	16.4%^a	Age, nursing home, immunosuppression, underlying chronic disease, alcohol abuse, focus of infection, serotype	7
Regev-Yochay	2013	Israel	460	18.0%^a	Age, metastatic malignancy, focus of infection, chronic renal disease	7
Cohen	2015	South Africa	3953	34.0%^a	Age ≥ 65 years, focus of infection, serotype, HIV, province poverty level	6
Hanada	2016	Japan	505	24.1%^c	Age, underlying disease, mechanical ventilation, serotype	7
Hughes	2016	UK	1316	18.5%^b	Age, sex, focus of infection, underlying disease, serotype	7
Wagenvoort	2016	Netherlands	960	7.0%^b	Age ≥ 65 years, immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, chronic cardiovascular disease	7
Askim	2016	Norwegian	414	12.3%^b	Age, sex, CCI, comorbidities	7
Lee	2018	Taiwan	134	16.4%^b	Serotype, CCI, Pitt bacteremia score, inappropriate treatment	7
Kim	2018	Korea	319	34.2%^a	Age ≥ 65 years, focus of infection, Pitt bacteremia score	7
Regev-Yochay	2018	Israel	2345	30.2%^a	Age ≥ 65 years, focus of infection, risk group, serotype	7
Lemay	2019	Canada	1719	24.9%^b	Age, male, homeless, alcohol abuse, immunosuppression, focus of infection, serotype	7
Houseman	2019	UK	2510	19.0%^b	Age, male, focus of infection, risk group, alcohol abuse, serotype	7
Man	2020	Hong Kong	792	11.5%^b	Age > 65 years, chronic kidney disease, septic shock, positive urinary antigen test	7

^ain-hospital mortality;
^b30-day mortality;
^c28-day mortality.
^dUnited States of America, Canada, Spain, United Kingdom, Sweden.
^eSouth Africa, United States of America, Sweden, Spain, New Zealand, Taiwan, Argentina, Brazil, Hong Kong, and France.
NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score; score ranges from 0 (worst) to 9 (best).

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Table 1 Background characteristics of the 26 studies included.

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