Figure 1
From: Effective inactivated influenza vaccine for the elderly using a single-stranded RNA-based adjuvant
Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) formulated with ssRNA augments the IIV-induced humoral responses. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with 0.6 μg IIV with or without ssRNA adjuvant at an interval of 2 weeks. 2 weeks after the boost schedule, mice were challenged with A/California/04/2009 virus. To perform IgG, IgG2a, hemagglutination inhibition, and microneutralization assays, sera were collected at 2 weeks after the prime and boost schedule. Data are represented as mean ± SD. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The significance of differences between groups are indicated by bars and symbols as follows: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. (a) Immunization groups and schedule for immunization and challenge. n = 5 mice for G1 to G6. (b) IIV-specific IgG1 and IgG2a levels measured by ELISA 2 weeks after the prime and boost schedule. n = 5 mice for G1–G6. (c) Hemagglutination inhibition titer against vaccine strains measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay 2 weeks after the boost schedule. Data represent geomean of duplicated results. n = 3 mice for G1–G6. (d) Microneutralization titer against A/California/04/2009 measured by microneutralization assay 2 weeks after the boost schedule. n = 5 mice for G1–G6.
