Table 1 Molar absorption coefficient of HbA1c, HbO, and HHb for the respective wavelengths.

From: Derivation and validation of gray-box models to estimate noninvasive in-vivo percentage glycated hemoglobin using digital volume pulse waveform

Wavelength (nm)

Molar absorption coefficient (\({\text{M}}^{ - 1} \;{\text{cm}}^{ - 1}\))

HbA1c

HbO

HHb

465

549,024.7353

38,440.2

18,701.6

525

455,139.5677

30,882.8

35,170.8

615

170,555.4218

1166.4

7553.4