Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Energy-efficient ultrafast nucleation of single and multiple antiferromagnetic skyrmions using in-plane spin polarized current

Figure 1

(a) Snapshots during nucleation of AFM skyrmion at different instants of time when a current pulse with a width \(\tau_{w} =5.5\) ps is applied. Here, (green/red) circle represent current pulses (ON/OFF). The current is injected in a circular region with diameter, d\(_n =70\) nm. The final diameter of the AFM skyrmion is found to be d\(_s =32\) nm after 20 ps. (b) The evolution of topological charge \(Q_{\text{A}}\) for sublattice A (open symbols) and \(Q_{\text{B}}\) of sublattice B (closed symbols) during the nucleation of the AFM skyrmion.

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