Table 3 Association of fecal Shigella and Campylobacter with a child’s HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ: results of generalized estimating equations modeling (dependent variable—HAZ, WAZ, and WHZ).

Pathogens	Z score	Unadjusted		Adjusted^a		Adjusted^a
		All		All		Asymptomatic		Symptomatic
		Coef. (95% CI)	p value	Coef. (95% CI)	p value	Coef. (95% CI)	p value	Coef. (95% CI)	p value
Campylobacter-positive	HAZ	0.06 (− 0.03, 0.15)	0.221	0.02 (− 0.07, 0.10)	0.732	− 0.02 (− 0.14, 0.09)	0.677	0.09 (− 0.07, 0.24)	0.268
	WAZ	0.11 (0.02, 0.20)	0.021	0.05 (− 0.04, 0.14)	0.257	− 0.04 (− 0.15, 0.08)	0.530	0.22 (0.06, 0.37)	0.005
	WHZ	0.10 (0.01, 0.19)	0.023	0.04 (− 0.05, 0.12)	0.397	− 0.07 (− 0.17, 0.04)	0.240	0.22 (0.08, 0.37)	0.003
Shigella-positive	HAZ	− 0.11 (− 0.21, − 0.02)	0.015	0.001 (− 0.11, 0.11)	0.972	− 0.07 (− 0.34, 0.20)	0.597	0.03 (0.09, 0.16)	0.644
	WAZ	− 0.31 (− 0.40, − 0.21)	< 0.001	− 0.06 (− 0.17, 0.05)	0.282	− 0.04 (− 0.32, 0.24)	0.784	− 0.04 (− 0.17, 0.09)	0.511
	WHZ	− 0.41 (− 0.50, − 0.32)	< 0.001	− 0.11 (− 0.21, − 0.001)	0.046	− 0.01 (− 0.28, 0.26)	0.939	− 0.10 (− 0.22, 0.02)	0.110

Coef., coefficient; CI, confidence interval; HAZ, height-for-age z score; WAZ, weight-for-age z score; and WHZ, weight-for-height z score.
^aAdjusted for age, gender, MSD, breastfeeding status, mother’s education, number of people regularly sleep in the house, number of under-5 children at house, hand washing before nursing a child and after cleaning the child, handwashing material, main source of drinking water, available toilet facility, wealth index, copathogen: Cryptosporidium and Giardia, and comorbidity (malaria, typhoid, pneumonia, diarrhea, and dysentery).

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