Table 3 Published case reports of previous SARS-CoV and MERS patients of neurological manifestations/ outcomes.
Author, year | Sample size | Type of study | Patient population | Treatment | Neurological condition | 2019-nCoV presence and diagnosis | Type of NS involvement (CNS/PNS) | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) | |||||||||
Chao et al., 200329 | 01 | Case report | SARS-CoV | Broad-spectrum antibiotics and inhalation of Ribavirin | Myalgia (Weakness and numbness in both legs) | chest x-ray (CXR), PCR | PNS | Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, has been proposed to play a role in the nerve damage | |
Hung et al., 200330 | 01 | Case report | SARS-CoV | Ribavirin Propofol Phenytoin | Seizure | RT PCR, CSF | CNS | First reported the entry of SARS-CoV into the CSF | |
Hwang et al., 200631 | 01 | Case report | SARS-CoV | Ribavirin, Prednisolone | Anosmia | RT-PCR | PNS | Anosmia persisted during more than 2 years of follow-up | |
Lau et al., 200432 | 01 | Case report | SARS-CoV | Ribavirin hydrocortisone | Myalgia GTC | RT-PCR CSF-P | CNS and PNS | Generalized convulsion with a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV in the CSF suggests possible infection of the central nervous system by SARS-CoV | |
Umapathi et al., 200433 | 05 | Observational | SARS-CoV | Immunoglobulin (IVIg), Methylprednisolone, Ribavarin, Convalescent serum, LMWH | Loss of consciousness (1/5) Infarction (5/5) | CNS | Out of 206, 05 patients experience neurological manifestations. All five have experience d cerebral infarction | ||
Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) | |||||||||
Algahtani et al., 201634 | 02 | Observational | MERS-CoV positive | Intravenous hydration, Tazocin, Azithromycin | Headache, Nausea, and vomiting Myalgia, Dizziness Intracerebral hemorrhage | RT-PCR | CNS and PNS | CT showed right frontal lobe intracerebral hemorrhage with massive brain edema and midline shift of 02 patients among 120 patients | |
Arabi et al., 201535 | 03 | Observational | MERS-CoV positive | NA | Ataxia (1/3), Vomiting (2/3), Confusion(2/3) Dysmetria (1/3) Dyspnea and hypoxia (1/3) Encephalitis (1/3) | RT-PCR and CSF | CNS and PNS | Brain MRI revealed striking changes characterized by widespread, bilateral hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted imaging within the white matter and subcortical areas of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, the basal ganglia, and corpus callosum | |
Al-Hameed et al., 201719 | 01 | Case report | MERS-CoV positive | Peginterferon Alpha-2a, Ribavirin, and Methylprednisolone (i.v.) | Intracerebral hemorrhage Shortness of breath | RT-PCR | CNS | Neurological symptoms associated with MERS-COV | |
Kim et al., 201736 | 04/23 | Observational | MERS-CoV positive | Interferon alpha-2a, Ribavirin, and Lopinavir/ Ritonavir | Dyspnea (2/4) Myalgia or arthralgia (2/4) Guillain–Barré syndrome (2/4) Acute sensory neuropathy (3/4) Headache (2/23) Confusion (5/23) Seizure (0/23) Nausea and vomiting (18/23) | RT-PCR | CNS and PNS | GBS, ICU-acquired weakness, or acute sensory neuropathy that resulted from a toxin or infection | |
Saad et al., 201420 | 70 | Observational | MERS-CoV positive | NA | Shortness of breath (42/70) Fatigue (29/70) Myalgia or arthralgia (14/70) Vomiting (21/70) Headache (9/70) Confusion (18/70) | RT-PCR | MERS-CoV can cause severe infection in the age ≥ 65 years with more requirement of intensive care and a high mortality | ||
