Figure 4
Prolonged HRV16 infection of in vitro differentiated bronchial epithelium. (a) Model of prolonged HRV infection. Air–liquid interface (ALI)-grown bronchial epithelium was apically infected with HRV16 and next incubated for 16 days with surface washes to imitate mucociliary clearance. HRV-replication and mRNA expression was tested at indicated time-points. (b) Low-grade virus replication, apical shedding, and (c) the level of IFNL1 mRNA during prolonged culture of HRV16 infected cells. (d) mRNA expression of DNAI1, SPDEF, IFIT2, and MMP9 during persistent in vitro infection with HRV16. Data are shown as means and SD (n = 7). RM 2-way ANOVA (Sidak): *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 in comparison to mock. (e) Graph summarizing bronchial epithelium responses in case of acute HRV infection and during virus persistence.
