Table 1 Clinical characteristics of incident hemodialysis patients by consequences of vascular access preparation.

From: Association of glomerular filtration rate slope with timely creation of vascular access in incident hemodialysis

 

VA created timely (n = 676)

VA created not timely (n = 87)

VA not created (n = 224)

Male sex n (%)

367 (54.3)

38 (43.7)

113 (50.4)

Age at CKD program enrollment (year)

62.6 ± 11.7

63.7 ± 12.4

64.1 ± 13.1

Age at VA creation (year)

65.5 ± 11.8

66.0 ± 12.0

66.3 ± 13.4

Age at first HD (year)

65.0 ± 11.7

65.8 ± 11.9

66.6 ± 13.4

Marital status n (%)

Unmarried

40 (5.9)

5 (5.7)

15 (6.7)

Married

536 (79.3)

62 (71.3)

167 (74.6)

Other

100 (14.8)

20 (23)

42 (18.8)

Year of education n (%)

≤ 6

343 (50.7)

43 (49.4)

117 (52.2)

7–12

241 (35.7)

35 (40.2)

74 (33)

≥ 13

92 (13.6)

9 (10.3)

33 (14.7)

Occupation n (%)

No

336 (49.7)

39 (44.8)

120 (53.6)

Yes

235 (34.8)

31 (35.6)

76 (33.9)

Retirement

105 (15.5)

17 (19.5)

28 (12.5)

Smoke n (%)

No

546 (80.8)

75 (86.2)

186 (83)

Yes

130 (19.2)

12 (13.8)

38 (17)

Primary disease n (%)

CGN

184 (27.2)

21 (24.1)

44 (19.6)

DM

328 (48.5)

46 (52.9)

124 (55.4)

HTN

69 (10.2)

6 (6.9)

23 (10.3)

Other

95 (14.1)

14 (16.1)

33 (14.7)

CKD progression

eGFR slope (ml/min/1.73 m2 per year)a

− 4.3 (− 7.4, − 2.4)

− 5.4 (− 10.0, − 2.6)

− 5.7 (− 11.0, − 3.3)

VA type (missing n = 13)# n (%)a

AVF

576 (85.2)

74 (85.1)

159 (75.4)

AVG

100 (14.8)

13 (14.9)

42 (19.9)

Permanent catheter

0

0

10 (4.7)

VA used at first dialysis n (%)a,b

Shunt

676 (100)

0

0

Catheter

0

87 (100)

220 (98.2)

Permanent catheter

0

0

4 (1.8)

VA created > 1 time before first HD n (%)

9 (1.3)

1 (1.1)

0

Renal function at multidisciplinary CKD care program enrollment

Cr (mg/dL)

3.8 (2.8, 5.5)

3.8 (2.7, 6.2)

3.5 (2.4, 4.9)

eGFR (MDRD) (ml/min/1.73 m2)

14.3 (9.3, 22.6)

14.3 (9.2, 24)

16.0 (10.9, 24.9)

eGFR (CG) (ml/min/1.73 m2)

15.5 (10.6, 24.2)

15.3 (9.4, 24.6)

17.6 (11.1, 27.5)

Renal function at VA creation

Cr (mg/dL)b

8.5 (7.2, 10.3)

9.4 (7.4, 11.8)

–

eGFR (MDRD) (ml/min/1.73 m2)b

5.9 (4.8, 7.2)

5.0 (3.9, 6.7)

–

eGFR (CG) (ml/min/1.73 m2)b

6.8 (5.5, 8.4)

6.1 (4.5, 7.4)

–

Renal function at first HD

Cr (mg/dL)a

11.2 (8.9, 13.7)

11.8 (9.3, 14.6)

10.6 (8, 13.3)

eGFR (MDRD) (ml/min/1.73 m2)a,b

4.3 (3.4, 5.5)

3.9 (3.3, 5.0)

4.6 (3.5, 5.9)

eGFR (CG) (ml/min/1.73 m2)a,b

5.2 (4.1, 6.8)

4.8 (3.9, 6.4)

5.6 (4.3, 7.4)

Multidisciplinary CKD care program duration (days)a,b

737 (417, 1440)

601 (325, 959)

509 (311, 1093)

Time between VA creation and first HD (days)b

105 (51, 226)

14 (6, 27)

–

  1. MDRD eGFR equation: 186 \(\times\) serum creatinine−1.154 \(\times\) age−0.203 \(\times\) 0.742 (if female)17,22. Cockcroft–Gault eGFR equation: [(140 − age)] \(\times\) weight \(\times\) 0.85 (if female)/(72 \(\times\) serum creatinine), adjusted for BSA/1.73 m2. \(BSA = weight~_{{{\text{kg}}}}^{{0.425}} \times height~_{{{\text{cm}}}}^{{0.725}} \times 0.007184\)22,23.
  2. Data were presented as mean (± SD) or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and count (proportion) for categorical variables. Significant differences for continuous variables between three and two groups were tested using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test and the independent t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test, respectively. However, significant differences for categorical variables between three and two groups were tested using the χ2 test. A two-tailed value of P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
  3. VA vascular access, HD hemodialysis, Cr creatinine, CKD chronic kidney disease, CGN chronic glomerulonephritis, DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, AVF arteriovenous fistula, AVG arteriovenous graft, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, MDRD modification of diet in renal disease, CG Cockcroft–Gault, SD standard deviation.
  4. #Several cases lost their VA type because our record showed that they only used a temporary catheter at their first hemodialysis.
  5. aP < 0.05 for the three groups.
  6. bP < 0.05 for created timely vs. created not timely.
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