Table 3 The associations between serum bilirubin levels and each cancer risk (prostate, breast, and lung cancer in women).

From: Association of serum bilirubin levels with risk of cancer development and total death

Variables

HR

95% CI

P

Comparison in cancer risk among three BIL groups (low, middle, and high) divided by two cut-off values

Prostate cancer

Age (20–39)

0.088

0.028

0.281

 < 0.001

Age (60–69)

2.684

2.011

3.583

 < 0.001

BMI (< 21)

0.945

0.680

1.312

0.733

BMI (≥ 27)

0.765

0.504

1.162

0.209

BIL (< 0.4)

1.407

0.795

2.489

0.241

BIL(≥ 0.7)

1.348

1.021

1.780

0.035

Smoking

0.927

0.716

1.200

0.565

Diabetes

0.908

0.677

1.219

0.522

Breast cancer

Age (20–39)

0.458

0.319

0.658

 < 0.001

Age (60–69)

1.181

0.891

1.565

0.248

BMI (< 21)

0.748

0.567

0.988

0.041

BMI (≥ 27)

0.919

0.615

1.373

0.679

BIL (< 0.6)

1.122

0.846

1.489

0.424

BIL (≥ 0.9)

1.306

0.913

1.867

0.144

Smoking

1.180

0.837

1.662

0.345

Diabetes

0.837

0.585

1.198

0.331

Lung cancer (F)

Age (20–39)

0.261

0.135

0.504

 < 0.001

Age (60–69)

2.413

1.678

3.469

 < 0.001

BMI (< 21)

1.303

0.919

1.848

0.137

BMI (≥ 27)

0.588

0.291

1.188

0.139

BIL (< 0.5)

1.029

0.680

1.556

0.893

BIL (≥ 0.9)

1.041

0.645

1.680

0.871

Smoking

2.004

1.340

2.997

0.001

Diabetes

0.885

0.560

1.398

0.600

  1. For prostate cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer in women, serum bilirubin levels were divided into three groups by the two cut-off values. BIL (< 0.4, 0.5, or 0.6), subjects with bilirubin levels < 0.4, 0.5, or 0.6 mg/dL; BIL (≥ 0.7 or 0.9); subjects with bilirubin levels ≥ 0.7, or 0.9. The reference group for serum bilirubin levels was a middle range group. Age (20–39), subjects aged 20–39 years old; Age (60–69), subjects aged 60–69 years old; BMI (< 21), subjects with body mass index < 21 kg/m2; BMI (≥ 27), subjects with body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2. The reference of age and BMI was a middle range group.
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