Table 5 Multiple regression analysis for patient satisfaction VAS.

From: Kitchen elbow sign predicts surgical outcomes in adults with spinal deformity: a retrospective cohort study

Preoperative factor

P-value

Std. β

VIF

Sex

0.981

0.002

1.066

Age (years)

0.003*

0.287

1.263

BMI (kg/m2)

0.332

− 0.089

1.088

KES ( +)

 < 0.001*

0.426

1.121

SVA (mm)

0.431

0.083

1.572

PI-LL (°)

0.446

− 0.081

1.604

ODI (%)

0.501

− 0.065

1.339

VAS (low back pain) (mm)

0.025*

− 0.228

1.426

VAS (leg pain) (mm)

0.039*

0.218

1.552

SF-36 (PCS)

0.301

0.091

1.101

SF-36 (MCS)

0.766

− 0.028

1.116

  1. Std. β, Standard partial regression coefficient; VIF, variance inflation factor; KES, Kitchen Elbow Sign; BMI, body mass index; SVA, sagittal vertical axis; PI-LL, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis; VAS, visual analog scale; SF-36, MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; PCS, physical component summary scale; MCS, mental component summary scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index.
  2. *Significant defined as P < 0.05.
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