Figure 1.
From: Thermal remote sensing reveals communication between volcanoes of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group
(a) Distribution of volcanic centers within the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group (KVG). Right panels show the Cumulative Dense Rock Equivalent (DRE) volumes of lavas erupted between 1930 and 2020 for (b) Klyuchevskoy21, (c) Bezymianny27, and (d) Tolbachik28. All volumes are recalculated for DRE using: (i) a magma density of 2800 kg m−3 and an average density of lava flows of 2500 kg m−3 for Klyuchevskoy and Tolbachik28; (ii) a magma density of 2500 kg m−3 and an average density of lava dome of 2000 kg m−3 for Bezymianny29. A standard error of ± 20% (colored fields) takes into account uncertainties in the estimates of bulk volumes and densities of erupted products. Red bold lines within insets, correspond to satellite-derived volumes (this work; see “Methods”). The grey bars outline the timing of the Bezymianny eruption in 1955–56 (BEZ55), the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption in 1975 (GTFE) and the Tolbachik Fissure Eruption in 2012 (TFE). Shaded relief map derived from ArcticDEM digital elevation model (https://www.pgc.umn.edu/data/arcticdem/) and elaborated using QGIS version 3.16.3 (http://qgis.osgeo.org); Time series generated using MATLAB software (www.mathworks.com).
