Table 2 Prescribed medications in patients with delirium.

From: Factors affecting hallucinations in patients with delirium

Type of medication

Total (%)

Perceptual disturbance and hallucinations (DRS-R-98): 0–3

Not present (%)

Mild perceptual disturbance (%)

Illusions present (%)

Hallucinations present (%)

Corticosteroids

12

15

10

7

13

Opioid analgesics

22

21

25

26

19

Anticholinergicsa

25

20

28

22

26

Histamine 1 (H1) receptor blockers

7

11

6

4

6

Histamine 2 (H2) receptor blockers

12

15

11

11

11

Calcium (Ca) channel blockers

36

37

36

26

38

β-blockers

21

20

23

22

17

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

6

3

12

0

2

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

14

11

13

19

19

Antiarrhythmic drugsb

4

5

3

4

5

Digitalis

1

2

1

0

2

Dopamine receptor agonists

2

2

1

0

7

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

29

35

24

26

28

Antibiotics

48

47

51

56

43

Anticonvulsants

4

2

5

4

6

Cholinesterase inhibitors

6

5

8

7

4

Benzodiazepines

58

56

61

63

54

Suvorexant

18

15

19

7

21

Ramelteon

11

7

12

11

12

  1. aCompounds that have anticholinergic activity, such as H1 blockers, H2 blockers, and dopamine receptor agonists, are not included in the "anticholinergics".
  2. bCompounds that have antiarrhythmic activity, such as b-blockers and calcium channel blockers, are not included in the "antiarrhythmic drugs".
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