Table 1 Factors associated with HCV, HBV, TB and STI co-infections among 500 HIV-positive patients.

Total

500

215 (43.0%)

21 (4.2%)

109 (21.8%)

42 (8.4%)

Sex

 Female

247 (49.4%)

48 (19.4%)

8 (3.24%)

42 (17.0%)

26 (10.5%)

 Male

253 (50.6%)

167^a (66.0%)

13 (5.1%)

67^a (26.5%)

16 (6.3%)

Age of HIV diagnosis:

32.5 ± 9.9

p < 0.01^b

p = 0.61

p = 0.16

p = 0.85

 0–24

106 (21.2%)

35 (33.0%)

3 (2.8%)

20 (18.9%)

9 (8.5%)

 25–29

112 (22.4%)

47 (42.0%)

9 (8.0%)

19 (17.0%)

10 (8.9%)

 30–39

170 (34.0%)

78 (45.9%)

5 (2.9%)

46 (27.1%)

14 (8.2%)

 40–49

81 (16.2%)

40 (49.4%)

3 (3.7%)

17 (21.0%)

5 (6.2%)

≥ 50

31 (6.2%)

15 (48.4%)

1 (3.2%)

7 (22.6%)

4 (12.9%)

Risk factors:

 PWID

188 (37.6%)

174^a (92.6%)

10 (5.3%)

66^a (35.1%)

7^a (3.7%)

Sexual contact with PWID

23 (4.6%)

6 (26.1%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (8.7%)

4 (17.4%)

Sexual contact with PLWH

95 (19.0%)

26^a (27.4%)

2 (2.1%)

17 (17.9%)

10 (10.5%)

 Sexual contact with sex worker

13 (2.6%)

7 (53.8%)

1 (7.7%)

4 (30.8%)

2 (15.4%)

 Sex worker

2 (0.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Not registered

191 (38.2%)

15^a (7.9%)

8 (4.2%)

26^a (13.6%)

21 (11.0%)

Region

 Akmola

30 (6%)

13 (43.3%)

0 (0.0%)

11 (36.7%)

1 (3.3%)

 Aktobe

7 (1.4%)

1 (14.3%)

1 (14.3%)

1 (14.3%)

1 (14.2%)

 Almaty

131 (26%)

60 (45.8%)

4 (3.1%)

28 (21.4%)

4 (3.0%)

 Atyrau

3 (0.6%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (33.3%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (33.3%)

 East Kazakhstan

12 (2.4%)

9 (75.0%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (25.0%)

2 (16.7%)

 Karaganda

104 (21%)

37 (35.6%)

3 (2.9%)

20 (19.2%)

1 (1.0%)

 Kostanay

2 (0.4%)

1 (50.0%)

1 (50.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 Kyzylorda

17 (3.4%)

5 (29.4%)

2 (11.8%)

3 (17.6%)

1 (5.9%)

 Mangistau

15 (5%)

5 (33.3%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (20.0%)

3 (20.0%)

 North Kazakhstan

11 (2.2%)

7 (63.6%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (18.2%)

0 (0.0%)

 Nur-Sultan city

12 (2.4%)

3 (25.0%)

1 (8.3%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (25.0%)

 Pavlodar

63 (13%)

31 (49.2%)

3 (4.8%)

17 (27.0%)

7 (11.1%)

 Turkistan

46 (9.2%)

21 (45.7%)

3 (6.5%)

11 (23.9%)

5 (10.9%)

 West Kazakhstan

13 (2.6%)

7 (53.8%)

1 (7.7%)

5 (38.5%)

1 (7.7%)

 Zhambyl

32 (6.4%)

15 (46.9%)

1 (3.1%)

5 (15.6%)

3 (9.4%)

 Duration of HIV infection (years):

6.4 ± 4.2

p < 0.001^b

p = 0.63

p < 0.001^b

p = 0.87

 0–4

191 (38.2%)

66 (34.0%)

6 (3.1%)

27 (14.1%)

17 (8.9%)

 5–9

195 (39.0%)

84 (43.1%)

11 (5.6%)

49 (25.1%)

18 (9.2%)

 10–14

89 (17.8%)

46 (51.7%)

3 (3.4%)

21 (23.6%)

6 (6.7%)

 15–20

25 (5.0%)

20 (80.0%)

1 (4.0%)

12 (48.0%)

1 (4.0%)

STI history

 Yes

42 (8.4%)

12^a (28.6%)

2 (4.8%)

5 (11.9%)

-

Travel history

 Yes

25 (5.0%)

9 (36.0%)

2 (8.0%)

6 (24.0%)

3 (12.0%)

Region of travel

 FSU

19 (76.0%)

7 (36.8%)

2 (10.5%)

6 (31.6%)

2 (10.5%)

 Non-FSU

6 (24.0%)

2 (33.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (16.7%)

Life status

 Died

34 (6.8%)

20 (58.8%)

1 (2.9%)

17^a (50.0%)

2 (5.9%)