Figure 3

Fecal cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients. (A) Concentrations of cytokines in fecal samples from control donors and COVID-19 patients. Where multiple samples from the same donor were collected, the median of these samples is plotted. (B) Concentrations of fecal cytokines in COVID-19 patients with severe disease compared to those with non-severe disease. (C) Concentrations of fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients with severe disease compared to those with non-severe disease. (D) Concentrations of fecal calprotectin are unrelated to fecal viral load. Boxplots show median + / − IQR and p values are calculated by Mann–Whitney test.