Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: A specific phase of transcranial alternating current stimulation at the β frequency boosts repetitive paired-pulse TMS-induced plasticity

Figure 2

The online- and after-effects of combined stimulation with rPPS and β tACS. (A) Changes in the amplitude of paired-pulse MEPs during the intervention (online-effects). The mean MEP amplitudes during the intervention were normalized to paired-pulse MEPs at the baseline. In all three conditions (peak, trough, and sham), MEP amplitudes were increased during the intervention. (B) The after-effects of combined stimulation. MEPs were normalized to single-pulse MEPs at the baseline. Filled symbols indicate responses that were significantly different from the baseline (post 5 min in the sham condition, p = 0.06; others, p < 0.05). In the peak condition, an increase in MEP amplitudes compared with the baseline was observed, and this was sustained for 30 min, while MEPs were enhanced for 10 min after the sham intervention. In contrast, MEPs in the trough condition did not change compared with the baseline. Interestingly, the peak condition resulted in larger enhancements of excitability 15 min after the intervention compared with the other two conditions (peak vs. trough: blue asterisks, peak vs. sham: black asterisks). † = 0.078, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

Back to article page