Figure 3

After-effects of combined stimulation with rPPS and β tACS in a representative participant. Single-pulse MEPs illustrated before (Pre; 12 MEP trials) and after the intervention (Post 0, 10, 20, and 30 min; 12 MEP trials, respectively) in the three conditions. The MEPs were averaged (thick lines), and each trial is shown as a thin line. The arrow represents the timing of single-pulse TMS. Only increased MEPs in the peak condition were sustained for over 30 min after the intervention.