Figure 4

The online- and after-effects of combined stimulation with rPPS and α tACS. (A) The online-effects of combined stimulation with rPPS and α tACS on paired-pulse MEPs. The mean MEP amplitudes during the intervention were normalized to paired-pulse MEPs at the baseline. There was no significant difference between conditions. (B) The after-effects of combined stimulation with rPPS and α tACS on single-pulse MEPs. MEPs were normalized to single-pulse MEPs at the baseline. There were no significant differences among the three conditions. Compared with the baseline, we observed a tendency toward higher MEP amplitudes in the sham condition, but only immediately after the stimulation (filled symbol in the sham condition, p = 0.053).