Figure 4
Power and synchronization during the manually controlled and self-driving conditions. Sample participant fluctuations for approximately 1.5 s of EEG data for the midline electrodes and trajectories to the two different analyses: (i) Right, the average power across frequencies for both the manually controlled and self-driving conditions; and (ii) Bottom, the bandpass filtered and binarized segments of the binarized derivative method (BDM), as shown for a small segment of the EEG, where the binarized signals are then summed and averaged to estimate the synchronization of the signals. Right panel: Mean power spectral density across frequencies for both driving conditions for Studies 1–3. Blue = self-driving, gray = manually controlled. Semi-transparent shading surrounding this average indicates the standard deviation across participants. Lower panel: Mean synchronization for 5 frequency bands (delta: 1–3 Hz, theta: 4–7 Hz, alpha: 8–12 Hz, beta: 13–25 Hz, gamma: 26–40 Hz) of both driving conditions for Studies 1–3 (Study 1 n = 17; Study 2 n = 20; Study 3 n = 18). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (SEM) across participants. * = p < .05.
