Table 2 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics according to the concordance of baseline CKD stage and eGFR LS.

From: Prediction of non-responsiveness to pre-dialysis care program in patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort analysis

 

Group A: Agreement

Group B: Improving

Group C: Deteriorating

Group A versus B

P value

Group A versus C

P value

Group B versus C

P value

N (%)

4326 (60.8)

617 (8.7)

2167 (30.5)

   

Demographic

Age, median (IQR)

67.5 (57.2, 76.3)

68.5 (57.7, 77.3)

67.6 (56.9, 76.2)

0.119

0.914

0.157

BMI, median (IQR)

24.2 (22.0, 26.9)

24.6 (22.2, 27.3)

24.6 (22.2, 27.3)

0.151

0.004

0.782

Female, n (%)

1926 (44.5)

206 (33.4)

893 (41.2)

< 0.001

0.011

0.001

CKD stage, n (%)

 1

275 (6.4)

1 (0.2)

18 (0.8)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 2

349 (8.1)

8 (1.3)

173 (8.0)

   

 3

1594 (36.9)

400 (64.8)

1126 (52.0)

   

 4

853 (19.8)

169 (27.4)

815 (37.7)

   

 5

1246 (28.9)

39 (6.3)

32 (1.5)

   

Diabetes, n (%)

1466 (33.9)

188 (30.5)

967 (44.6)

0.090

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

2732 (63.2)

363 (58.8)

1512 (69.8)

0.036

< 0.001

< 0.001

Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

1549 (35.8)

244 (39.6)

881 (40.7)

0.073

0.000

0.615

Medication, n (%)

 Pentoxifylline

1030 (24.4)

131 (21.6)

587 (27.6)

0.121

0.007

0.003

 NSAIDs

1062 (25.2)

209 (34.4)

554 (26.0)

< 0.001

0.473

< 0.001

 Contrast

371 (8.8)

70 (11.5)

207 (9.7)

0.030

0.228

0.196

Anti-platelet

1412 (33.5)

199 (32.7)

805 (37.8)

0.716

0.001

0.022

 Aspirin

1134 (26.9)

169 (27.8)

651 (30.6)

0.636

0.002

0.189

 Dipyridamole

280 (6.6)

29 (4.8)

148 (7.0)

0.079

0.642

0.054

 Other Anti-platelet agents

1231 (29.2)

185 (30.4)

708 (33.2)

0.529

0.001

0.192

Urate-lowering agents

1086 (25.8)

189 (31.1)

559 (26.2)

0.005

0.669

0.018

 Allopurinol

477 (11.3)

73 (12.0)

249 (11.7)

0.613

0.652

0.831

 Febuxostat

93 (2.2)

19 (3.1)

40 (1.9)

0.159

0.391

0.062

 Benzbromarone

448 (10.6)

87 (14.3)

252 (11.8)

0.007

0.146

0.102

 Colchicine

486 (11.5)

87 (14.3)

251 (11.8)

0.047

0.758

0.095

 Sulfinpyrazone

41 (1.0)

12 (2.0)

24 (1.1)

0.027

0.563

0.106

Anti-hypertension agents

3368 (79.9)

478 (78.6)

1830 (85.9)

0.481

< 0.001

< 0.001

 ACEIs

847 (20.1)

94 (15.5)

509 (23.9)

0.007

0.001

< 0.001

 ARBs

1786 (42.3)

221 (36.4)

1061 (49.8)

0.005

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Trichlorethiazide

396 (9.4)

60 (9.9)

232 (10.9)

0.705

0.058

0.471

 Furosemide, Spironolactone, Amizide, Indapamide

1705 (40.4)

260 (42.8)

988 (46.4)

0.272

< 0.001

0.114

 α blocker

864 (20.5)

109 (17.9)

502 (23.6)

0.142

0.005

0.003

 β blocker

1484 (35.2)

222 (36.5)

883 (41.5)

0.521

< 0.001

0.029

 CCB

1985 (47.1)

247 (40.6)

1133 (53.2)

0.003

< 0.001

< 0.001

Anti-diaetes agents

1542 (36.6)

193 (31.7)

991 (46.5)

0.021

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Oral hypoglycemic agents (OAD)

1235 (29.3)

157 (25.8)

795 (37.3)

0.079

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Insuline

727 (17.2)

95 (15.6)

493 (23.2)

0.323

< 0.001

< 0.001

Baseline biochemical parameters, median (IQR)

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

29.3 (12.3, 52.3)

36.7 (25.6, 44.6)

33.5 (20.8, 48.6)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.760

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

1.94 (1.33, 4.03)

1.77 (1.48, 2.30)

1.82 (1.37, 2.60)

0.000

< 0.001

0.774

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

31.0 (19.0, 53.0)

25.0 (19.0, 36.0)

28.0 (20.0, 39.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.001

 Serum uric acid (mg/dL)

7.30 (6.00, 8.60)

7.20 (6.05, 8.80)

7.30 (6.20, 8.50)

0.587

0.645

0.838

 Sodium (mmol/L)

138 (136, 140)

138 (135, 140)

138 (136, 140)

0.109

0.927

0.137

 Potassium (mmol/L)

4.20 (3.80, 4.60)

4.15 (3.70, 4.60)

4.20 (3.90, 4.60)

0.000

0.436

0.002

 Calcium (mg/dL))

8.90 (8.40, 9.20)

9.10 (8.60, 9.40)

8.90 (8.50, 9.20)

< 0.001

0.985

< 0.001

 Phosphate (mg/dL)

4.10 (3.50, 4.80)

3.80 (3.20, 4.30)

4.00 (3.50, 4.40)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Serum Albumin (g/dL)

3.90 (3.50, 4.30)

4.00 (3.60, 4.40)

3.80 (3.40, 4.20)

0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

11.1 (9.4, 13.0)

12.1 (10.3, 13.6)

11.2 (9.8, 12.8)

< 0.001

0.020

< 0.001

 T-CHO (mg/dL)

179 (154, 210)

180 (152, 213)

185 (156, 216)

0.795

0.000

0.074

 TG (mg/dL)

128 (89, 188)

134 (91, 202)

134 (92, 201)

0.093

0.000

0.639

 Urine creatinine (mg/dL)

84 (55, 127)

99 (60, 148)

82 (54, 119)

< 0.001

0.015

< 0.001

 Urine PCR (mg/g)

713 (199, 1900)

183 (89, 545)

1161 (323, 3472)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Urine ACR (mg/g)

205 (47, 1094)

49 (16, 206)

860 (138, 3015)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. ACEIs angiotensin-converting-enzyme in inhibitors, ACR albumin/creatinine ratio, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, BMI body mass index, CCB1 calcium channel blocker, CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GBTM1 group-based trajectory modelling, IQR inter-quartile range, NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, OAD oral antidiabetic, PCR protein/creatinine ratio, T-CHO total cholesterol, TG triglyceride.
  2. P values are calculated by Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables.
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