Table 4 Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard model for RFS and OS according to clinical parameters.

From: Tumor heterogeneity evaluated by computed tomography detects muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma that is associated with inflammatory tumor microenvironment

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

HR

95% CI

p value

HR

95% CI

p value

Recurrence free survival

Hydronephrosis

 Mild

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 Severe

1.158

0.388–3.457

0.7928

1.091

0.317–3.387

0.8835

Urine cytology

 Negative

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 Positive

3.505

1.092–15.52

0.0341

2.894

0.843–13.39

0.094

Median CT value (HU)

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

1.44

0.500–4.380

0.4978

1.032

0.319–3.486

0.9577

Standard deviation

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

4.072

1.271–18.01

0.0167

3.533

1.066–16.42

0.0489

Skewness

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

3.211

1.069–11.75

0.0373

2.175

0.658–8.550

0.2085

Kurtosis

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

0.98

0.342–2.810

0.9697

1.09

0.347–3.304

0.9031

Overall survival

Hydronephrosis

 Mild

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 Severe

1.042

0.313–3.469

0.9459

1.091

0.317–3.387

0.8835

Urine cytology

 Negative

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 Positive

1.521

0.482–5.170

0.6576

2.643

0.582–14.50

0.2112

Median CT value (HU)

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

1.198

0.381–4.062

0.7579

1.332

0.297–7.198

0.7131

Standard deviation

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

4.895

1.286–31.89

0.0177

8.415

1.384–162.0

0.0179

Skewness

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

1.11

0.271–4.272

0.8787

0.695

0.149–3.165

0.6332

Kurtosis

 Low

1 (Ref.)

  

1 (Ref.)

  

 High

0.428

0.428–7.786

0.48

1.217

0.288–6.264

0.7946

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, CT computed tomography, HU Hounsfield unit.
  2. The significance of bold means p < 0.05.
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