Table 1 Demographic, personality and clinical variables and tests for group differences.

From: Enhancing reappraisal of negative emotional memories with transcranial direct current stimulation

Variable mean [95% CI]

Healthy participants (N = 101)

Statistica

p-value

Reappraisal-tDCS (N = 25)

Reappraisal-sham (N = 25)

Control-tDCS (N = 25)

Control-sham (N = 26)

Female sex (%)

16 (64)

14 (56)

15 (60)

16 (61.53)

0.35

0.950

Age

24.36 [22.89–25.83]

23.21 [21.98–24.43]

24.96 [23.26–26.66]

23.85[22.15–25.54]

0.29

0.834

Memory age (months past

74.28 [47.23–101.33]

56.44 [36.21–76.67]

74.60 [45.32–103.88]

75.77 [49.09–102.45]

0.29

0.834

Subjective distress at retrieval

4.00 [3.31–4.69]

4.04 [3.43–4.65]

3.56 [2.85–4.27]

3.77 [3.17–4.37]

0.49

0.689

Suppression (ERQ)

14.12 [12.41–15.83]

13.80 [11.47–16.13]

13.44 [11.66–15.22]

14.19 [12.40–15.98]

0.14

0.938

Reappraisal (ERQ)

30.28 [27.63–32.93]

27.60 [25.49–29.71]

29.12 [27.55–30.69]

27.88 [25.06–30.71]

1.15

0.330

Extraversion (Neo-FFI)

43.16 [41.02–45.30]

41.92 [40.17–43.67]

42.56 [40.05–45.07]

41.38 [39.53–43.24]

0.59

0.624

Neuroticism (Neo-FFI)

31.12 [28.98–33.26]

32.80 [31.26–34.34]

32.68 [30.75–34.61]

33.00 [31.20–34.80]

0.91

0.438

Openness (Neo-FFI)

35.16 [33.74–36.58]

34.64 [33.46–35.82]

33.40 [32.17–34.63]

34.85 [33.49–36.20]

1.48

0.224

Agreeableness (Neo-FFI)

35.28 [34.24–36.32]

35.00 [33.34–36.66]

35.64 [34.16–37.12]

35.81 [34.37–37.24]

0.28

0.841

Conscientiousness (Neo-FFI)

42.24 [39.97–44.51]

43.44 [41.15–45.73]

42.40 [40.48–44.32]

41.50 [39.39–43.61]

0.59

0.623

Depressive symptoms (CES-D)

5.44 [3.82–7.06]

7.72 [5.84–9.60]

5.28 [4.027–6.53]

6.54 [4.84–8.24]

2.03

0.114

Mood (MDBF-A)

18.40 [17.73–19.07]

17.32 [16.42–18.22]

18.20 [17.59–18.81]

17.27 [16.27–18.27]

2.20

0.092

Tiredness (MDBF-A)

15.36 [14.28–16.44]

14.92 [13.83–16.01]

14.88 [13.91–15.85]

15.04 [13.79–16.29]

0.16

0.921

Calmness (MDBF-A)

16.36 [15.52–17.20]

15.24 [13.98–16.50]

16.60 [15.52–17.68]

15.69 [14.53–16.85]

1.35

0.262

  1. ERQ Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; NEO-FFI NEO-Five Factor Inventory; ADS-K German version of the short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, MDBF-A Multidimensional State Questionnaire Version A.
  2. aΧ2-tests for categorical data, ANOVA F-test for continuous data.