Figure 6

Putative pathway for natural parthenocarpy in Musa spp. (A–C) Increase in auxin, GA and Cytokinin induces parthenocarpic fruit formation by down regulating the expression of MADS box TFs (MaAGL8, MaMADS16, MaMADS29), MaRGA1 (DELLA), MaHK2 and MaBAM1. MADS box TFs, MaRGA1 and BZR1c ould act as a focal point in auxin mediated GA response in parthenocarpy. (D) Genes related to brassinosteroid signaling pathway (BZR1) get interacts with Pnsl5 and GRF2act asa bridge between MaHK2, MaBAM1 and CLV-WUS signaling pathway that induces seedless fruit formation. (E) CLV-WUSHEL signaling pathway where WSIP2 is the wushel interacting protein get interacts with WUS, CLV1, AG and thereby associated with MaBAM1 which issignificantly down regulated in parthenocarpic accession cv. Pisang Lilin. (F) Group of poly comb proteins (CLF, FIE, EMF2, MSI—histone modifying enzymes) which arereported to be involved in epigenetic mechanism of reproductive development. Their association to MaBAM1 (involved in male/female gametophyte development) and CLV speculated their role in seedless fruit formation. KEGG analysis also highlighted that these genes are involved in lysine degradation pathway. Green color box indicates hormonal signaling pathway and epigenetic mechanism that are predicted to mediate seedless fruit formation; Dotted arrow lines represents the putative flow and the association of interaction partners to the validated genes which is derived from the constructed PPI network; Highlighted genes in rounded rectangle boxes along with ↓ symbol indicating down regulated expression pattern in cv. Pisang linin upon pollination (P24) in the current study. Highlighted gene in rounded rectangle boxes along with ↑Symbol indicated increased expression pattern MaGID1C in cv. Pisang Lilin. Genes mentioned in the triangle boxes are literature derived genes where corresponding supporting evidences were given in the discussion section.Genes mentioned in the oval boxes are retrieved based on their interaction with candidate genes in the constructed PPI network; Where expression of these genes MaAGL8, MaMADS16, MaMADS29, MaRGA1 (DELLA), MaHK2, MaBAM1, MaGID1C, MaGH3.8 (mentioned in the pathway) were validated in three cultivars C4, CVR and PL of Musa spp.