Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the reported malaria cases in Yingjiang County, 2013–2019.

From: A retrospective analysis of malaria epidemiological characteristics in Yingjiang County on the China–Myanmar border

Demographic characteristics

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Total

P value

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Number (%)

Sex

Male

48(66.7)

70(80.5)

131(74.9)

124(67.0)

121(67.6)

72(68.6)

67(72.8)

633(70.7)

0.2039

Female

24(33.3)

17(19.5)

44(25.1)

61(33.0)

58(32.4)

33(31.4)

25(27.2)

262(29.3)

Age

 < 5 years

0

5(5.7)

6(3.4)

8(4.3)

8(4.5)

4(3.8)

1(1.1)

32(3.6)

0.0216*

5–18 years

14(19.4)

9(10.3)

20(11.4)

27(14.6)

30(16.8)

17(16.2)

3(3.3)

120(13.4)

19–59 years

56(77.8)

71(81.6)

141(80.6)

139(75.1)

131(73.2)

73(69.5)

81(88.0)

692(77.3)

 ≥ 60 years

2(2.8)

2(2.3)

8(4.6)

11(5.9)

10(5.6)

11(10.5)

7(7.6)

51(5.7)

Occupation

Outdoor workers a

56(77.8)

76(87.4)

115(65.7)

105(56.8)

74(41.3)

42(40.0)

38(41.3)

506(56.5)

 < 0.0001*

Indoor workers b

7(9.7)

3(3.4)

31(17.7)

57(30.8)

80(44.7)

42(40.0)

29(31.5)

249(27.8)

Unclear#

8(11.1)

8(9.2)

23(13.1)

22(11.9)

21(11.7)

21(20.0)

25(27.2)

128(14.3)

Missing

0

0

6(3.4)

1(0.5)

4(2.2)

0

0

11(1.2)

Plasmodium species

P. vivax

66(91.7)

78(89.7)

174(99.4)

182(98.4)

173(96.6)

100(95.2)

92(100.0)

865(96.6)

 < 0.0001*

P. falciparum

6(8.3)

9(10.3)

1(0.6)

3(1.6)

6(3.4)

2(1.9)

0

27(3.0)

P. malariae

0

0

0

0

0

1(1.0)

0

1(0.1)

Mix infection§

0

0

0

0

0

2(1.9)

0

2(0.2)

Case classification

Imported cases

54(75.0)

67(77.0)

169(96.6)

184(99.5)

179(100.0)

105(100.0)

92(100.0)

850(95.0)

 < 0.0001*

Indigenous cases

18(25.0)

20(23.0)

6(3.4)

1(0.5)

0

  

45(5.0)

Level of health facility providing the diagnosis health facility

County CDC

14(19.4)

35(40.2)

14(8.0)

20(10.8)

12(6.7)

7(6.7)

10(10.9)

112(12.5)

 < 0.0001*

County hospital

31(43.1)

20(23.0)

23(3.1)

33(17.8)

20(11.2)

24(22.9)

26(28.3)

177(19.8)

Township hospital

24(33.3)

29(33.3)

135(77.1)

128(69.2)

141(78.8)

73(69.5)

50(54.3)

580(64.8)

Village clinic

2(2.8)

1(1.1)

2(1.1)

0

0

1(1.0)

5(5.4)

11(1.2)

Private clinic

1(1.4)

2(2.3)

0

1(0.5)

0

0

1(1.1)

5(0.6)

Missing

0

0

1(0.6)

3(1.6)

6(3.4)

0

0

10(1.1)

Total

72

87

175

185

179

105

92

895

 
  1. aOutdoor workers were persons whose activities were mostly conducted outside and had a high risk of exposure to outdoor biting vectors, especially outdoor night-time workers. This included Architectural engineers, Construction workers, Farmers, Fishermen, Open mine workers, Sailors/Truck drivers, Field engineers, Herdsmen, Militaries/Soldiers, etc.
  2. bIndoor workers were persons who worked mostly indoors and had a low risk of exposure to outdoor biting vectors. This included Businessmen, Caterers, Interpreters, Medical staff, Office workers, Teachers, Actors, Flight attendants, Baby-sitters, Middlemen, Cooks, Diplomats, Financial staff, Journalists, Underground mine workers, Prisoners, Researchers, Waiters, etc.
  3. #Unclear indicates that the risk exposure could not be estimated in populations such as Children, Retirees, Students, Unemployed persons, etc. Missing data were not included in the statistical analysis.
  4. §Mixed infection refers to simultaneous P. falciparum and P. vivax infection. *Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate differences among the groups if 25% of the cells had expected counts less than 5.
Back to article page