Table 2 Adjusted hazard ratios of the variables included in the CVD prediction model.

From: Prediction of 8-year risk of cardiovascular diseases in Korean adult population

Variables

Men

Women

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

Age (year)

1.061 (1.060–1.061)

1.074 (1.073–1.075)

Systolic BP (mmHg)

1.010 (1.010–1.010)

1.010 (1.010–1.011)

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

1.007 (1.006–1.008)

1.009 (1.008–1.010)

Waist circumference (cm)

1.004 (1.003–1.004)

1.006 (1.005–1.007)

Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL)

1.003 (1.003–1.003)

1.003 (1.003–1.004)

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (U/L)

1.001 (1.001–1.001)

1.001 (1.001–1.001)

Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL)

1.005 (1.005–1.005)

1.003 (1.002–1.004)

HDL (mg/dL)

0.988 (0.988–0.989)

0.991 (0.990–0.992)

LDL (mg/dL)

1.001 (1.000–1.001)

0.999 (0.998–1.000)

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

1.000 (1.000–1.000)

1.000 (1.000–1.001)

eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2

1.174 (1.156–1.192)

1.181 (1.161–1.202)

Proteinuriaa

1.409 (1.384–1.435)

1.446 (1.408–1.484)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

< 18.5

0.982 (0.951–1.014)

1.141 (1.095–1.188)

≥ 25.0, < 30.0

1.021 (1.009–1.033)

0.958 (0.944–0.973)

≥ 30.0

1.013 (0.984–1.042)

0.867 (0.841–0.895)

Smoking

Ex-smoker

0.889 (0.876–0.901)

1.176 (1.113–1.242)

Smoker

1.463 (1.443–1.484)

1.886 (1.821–1.953)

Pack-year

1.005 (1.005–1.005)

1.004 (1.002–1.006)

Alcohol drinking

Low risk

0.795 (0.787–0.803)

0.990 (0.971–1.010)

Moderate risk

0.760 (0.743–0.777)

1.126 (1.064–1.191)

High risk

0.783 (0.762–0.804)

1.154 (1.049–1.269)

Activity group

Moderate activity

0.916 (0.907–0.924)

0.914 (0.902–0.925)

High activity

0.910 (0.897–0.923)

0.893 (0.874–0.913)

Current medication

Blood glucose-lowering drugs

1.414 (1.394–1.434)

1.504 (1.477–1.532)

Antihypertensive drugs

1.183 (1.170–1.196)

1.240 (1.223–1.257)

Lipid-modifying drugs

0.996 (0.969–1.023)

0.822 (0.798–0.846)

Family history of heart disease

1.331 (1.297–1.365)

1.076 (1.037–1.117)

Family history of stroke

1.167 (1.146–1.187)

1.159 (1.133–1.186)

  1. S0(8) of men = 0.9798, S0(8) of women = 0.9916. Covariates included in Cox models were selected by stepwise procedures.
  2. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, BP blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate.
  3. a≥ 1 + in urine dipstick for proteinuria.
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