Figure 3

The change in VVAS after the 4-week program (ΔVVAS = VVAS at baseline—after 4 weeks, a negative value indicates aggravated visual vertigo) was correlated with VVAS at baseline in the VE group (blue dots, Spearman’s ρ = 0.881, p < 0.001) and the VE + OS group (red dots, Spearman’s ρ = 0.544, p = 0.036). The change in the VVAS score of all participants was correlated with the initial visual vertigo symptom (Pearson’s ρ = 0.716, p < 0.001, R² = 0.513).