Figure 1

History of hypotheses on the geographical distribution of Mico emiliae according to past taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. The outer map of South America shows the boundaries of Amazonia biome with main riverine configuration in black and the arc of deforestation in red. The grey area in the inner maps shows the geographical distribution of M. emiliae: (a) 1920–1990: M. emiliae as either valid species, invalid species, or subspecies of M. argentatus^{12,13,14,15,16,17,18}; (b) 1991–1992: a valid species occurring on Tapajós–Xingu, Guaporé–Ji-Paraná and Ji-Paraná–Aripuanã interfluves¹⁹; (c) 1993–2001: description of M. marcai for part of the Ji-Paraná–Aripuanã interfluve, and M. emiliae as a subspecies of M. argentatus with occurrence on the three interfluves of b²⁰; (d) 2002–2010: description of M. rondoni for part of the Guaporé–Ji-Paraná interfluve and M. emiliae as a valid species occurring on the Juruena–Teles Pires, Ji-Paraná–Aripuanã and Tapajós–Xingu interfluves²¹; (e) current hypothesis supported by taxonomic studies^21,22; (f) hypothesis proposed since 1993 by A. Rylands and colleagues^11,23,24,25 (see Supplementary Table S2 for localities coordinates). Illustrations: Stephen Nash.