Table 1 Conditional genetic correlations after accounting for genetic influences on covariates in genomic structural equation models.

From: Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health

Psychiatric disorders

Smoking behaviours

LD score regression

Standardized conditional genetic associations

rg

SE

p

bg

SE

p

Schizophrenia

Cigarettes per day

0.13

0.02

2.27 × 10–11

0.14

0.04

6.81 × 10–4

Schizophrenia

Smoking initiation

0.19

0.02

2.69 × 10–31

0.05

0.04

0.209

Schizophrenia

Age of smoking initiation

− 0.08

0.02

1.97 × 10–5

− 0.03

0.04

0.434

Schizophrenia

Current smoking

0.09

0.02

1.00 × 10–4

0.16

0.05

8.17 × 10–4

Major depression

Cigarettes per day

0.32

0.05

6.15 × 10–12

0.17

0.06

0.003

Major depression

Smoking initiation

0.38

0.03

1.57 × 10–29

0.16

0.07

0.017

Major depression

Age of smoking initiation

− 0.33

0.04

1.16 × 10–14

− 0.11

0.06

0.075

Major depression

Current smoking

0.38

0.05

1.31 × 10–14

0.30

0.07

1.93 × 10–5

Bipolar disorder

Cigarettes per day

0.10

0.04

0.006

0.05

0.05

0.263

Bipolar disorder

Smoking initiation

0.10

0.03

7.00 × 10–4

− 0.11

0.05

0.029

Adult PE

Auditory hallucinations

Cigarettes per day

0.28

0.12

0.015

0.05

0.12

0.662

Auditory hallucinations

Age of smoking initiation

− 0.25

0.12

0.037

0.00

0.12

0.999

Auditory hallucinations

Current smoking

0.40

0.15

0.009

0.21

0.14

0.125

Visual hallucinations

Cigarettes per day

0.33

0.09

4.00 × 10–4

0.18

0.13

0.165

Visual hallucinations

Smoking initiation

0.18

0.08

0.026

0.14

0.12

0.266

Visual hallucinations

Age of smoking initiation

− 0.31

0.10

0.002

− 0.15

0.13

0.248

Visual hallucinations

Current smoking

0.35

0.11

0.001

0.26

0.13

0.044

Delusions of persecution

Smoking initiation

0.32

0.13

0.015

0.20

0.18

0.258

Schizotypy

Hypomania

Cigarettes per day

0.11

0.06

0.049

− 0.01

0.17

0.968

Hypomania

Smoking initiation

0.17

0.05

8.00 × 10–4

0.00

0.16

0.980

Hypomania

Age of smoking initiation

− 0.22

0.07

0.002

− 0.04

0.16

0.820

Adolescent PENS

Anhedonia

Cigarettes per day

0.40

0.20

0.046

0.44

0.22

0.044

Cognitive disorganization

Smoking initiation

0.39

0.16

0.017

0.09

0.22

0.676

  1. rg = Bivariate genetic correlation estimates calculated in LD score regression; bg = Conditional genetic association estimates (accounting for genetic influences on cannabis and alcohol use, insomnia and risk taking) obtained from Genomic Structural Equasion Modelling that, in standardized form, can be interpreted as conditional genetic correlations accounting for genetic covariation between predictors and regression paths of covariates onto psychiatric outcomes; PE = Psychotic experiences; PENS = Psychotic experiences and negative symptom traits; p value thresholds for bg set at 0.05 and displayed in bold text.
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