Figure 2

Demonstrative images of the three subject groups viewed from the below. Arrows are displacement vectors of the diaphragm which are color-coded by the displacement angle (‘angl’ written on the right represents the angle of dorsoventral-transverse displacement vector). (A) Normal. (B) Emphysema. The posteromedial portion of the diaphragm shows smaller displacement angle than normal controls. (C) IPF. The anteromedial portion of the diaphragm shows smaller displacement angle than normal controls. Note that heterogeneous displacement angles are demonstrated especially in the posterior portion of the left diaphragm in this patient.