Table 1 Results of the comparison among normal, emphysema, and IPF groups.

From: CT-derived 3D-diaphragm motion in emphysema and IPF compared to normal subjects

Displacement

Normal (n = 29)

Emphysema (n = 50)

IPF (n = 51)

ANOVA P value

Post-hoc comparison P value

Normal-Emphysema

Normal-IPF

Emphysema-IPF

Whole diaphragm

3D

3.50

2.79 (0.003)*

2.72 (0.019)*

0.035*

0.054

0.043*

0.783

Transverse

0.12

0.002 (0.006)*

0.09 (0.539)

0.083

N/A

N/A

N/A

Apico-basal

3.17

2.40 (0.002)*

2.47 (0.026)*

0.027*

0.033*

0.042*

0.764

Dorsal–ventral

1.17

0.99 (0.052)

0.71 (< 0.0001)*

 < 0.0001*

0.065

 < 0.0001*

0.001*

Angle (mean, degree)

189.54

186.72 (0.215)

192.09 (0.422)

0.195

N/A

N/A

N/A

Angle (SD)

27.28

37.51 (< 0.0001)*

48.31 (< 0.0001)*

 < 0.0001*

0.008*

 < 0.0001*

0.002*

Diaphragm thickness (mm)

4.52

3.95 (0.030)*

3.97 (0.043)*

0.068

N/A

N/A

N/A

Quadrant 1 (Antero-lateral)

3D

3.30

2.52 (0.002)*

2.64 (0.055)

0.029*

0.031*

0.057

0.640

Transverse

0.08

0.07 (0.835)

0.09 (0.847)

0.901

N/A

N/A

N/A

Apico-basal

2.88

2.06 (0.002)*

2.31 (0.070)

0.020*

0.016*

0.098

0.320

Dorsal–ventral

1.40

1.06 (0.006)*

1.05 (0.021)*

0.023*

0.035*

0.035*

0.941

Angle (mean, degree)

184.82

187.16 (0.468)

188.36 (0.400)

0.775

N/A

N/A

N/A

Angle (SD)

18.04

26.77 (0.003)*

27.45 (0.003)*

0.037*

0.052

0.049*

0.836

Quadrant 2 (Antero-medial)

3D

2.67

2.27 (0.072)

2.19 (0.108)

0.172

N/A

N/A

N/A

Transverse

0.30

0.29 (0.930)

0.41 (0.299)

0.406

N/A

N/A

N/A

Apico-basal

2.19

1.57 (0.006)*

1.85 (0.220)

0.043*

0.039*

0.344

0.344

Dorsal–ventral

1.24

1.29 (0.698)

0.71 (< 0.0001)*

 < 0.0001*

0.704

 < 0.0001*

 < 0.0001*

Angle (mean, degree)

172.33

173.66 (0.677)

156.85 (0.011)*

0.002*

0.825

0.021*

0.004*

Angle (SD)

20.13

24.85 (0.175)

24.97 (0.237)

0.547

N/A

N/A

N/A

Quadrant 3 (Postero-medial)

3D

3.53

2.91 (0.015)*

2.75 (0.030)*

0.080

N/A

N/A

N/A

Transverse

0.14

0.30 (0.004)*

0.14 (0.988)

0.079

N/A

N/A

N/A

Apico-basal

3.29

2.57 (0.005)*

2.57 (0.032)*

0.054

N/A

N/A

N/A

Dorsal–ventral

1.08

1.08 (0.983)

0.60 (< 0.0001)*

 < 0.0001*

0.983

 < 0.0001*

 < 0.0001*

Angle (mean, degree)

177.24

168.60 (0.005)*

181.55 (0.335)

0.004*

0.121

0.344

0.003*

Angle (SD)

22.19

25.34 (0.205)

47.82 (< 0.0001)*

 < 0.0001*

0.432

 < 0.0001*

 < 0.0001*

Quadrant 4 (Postero-lateral)

3D

3.94

3.19 (0.004)*

2.97 (0.009)*

0.024*

0.073

0.022*

0.476

Transverse

0.55

0.32 (< 0.0001)*

0.46 (0.246)

0.003*

0.004*

0.195

0.039*

Apico-basal

3.70

2.99 (0.009)*

2.78 (0.011)*

0.030*

0.088

0.027*

0.478

Dorsal–ventral

1.01

0.69 (< 0.0001)*

0.52 (< 0.0001)*

 < 0.0001*

0.001*

 < 0.0001*

0.035

Angle (mean, degree)

210.69

206.76 (0.262)

216.99 (0.154)

0.044*

0.412

0.376

0.040*

Angle (SD)

19.66

40.28 (< 0.0001)*

38.73 (< 0.0001)*

 < 0.0001*

 < 0.0001*

 < 0.0001*

0.715

  1. Numbers in the parentheses are P values from the independent t-test. For post-hoc analysis, P values were adjusted by holm method when the ANOVA test was statistically significant. P values with asterisk* indicate to be statistically significant
  2. N/A = not applicable.
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