Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of patients admitted for lead extraction due to infection.

From: Influence of the type of pathogen on the clinical course of infectious complications related to cardiac implantable electronic devices

 

All group (patients with CIED related infections)

N = 1241

LRIE

N = 773

(62.29)

PI

N = 468

(37.71)

p

“U” Mann–Whitney/Chi2

Demographics

Male

n (%)

908

(73.00)

n = 1241

559

(72.32)

n = 773

349

(74.15)

n = 468

p = 0.389

Female

n (%)

333

(26.99)

n = 1241

214

(27.68)

n = 773

119

(25.85)

n = 468

p = 0.389

Mean age (first implantation)

mean ± sd

60.811 ± 14.966

n = 1241

60.435 ± 14.693

n = 773

61.365 ± 15.278

n = 468

0.107

Mean age (TLE), mean, SD

Mean ± SD

67.947 ± 13.662

n = 1241

67.802 ± 13.378

n = 773

68.130 ± 14.053

n = 468

0.380

BMI [kg/m2]

Mean ± SD

27.105 ± 4.028

n = 1199

27.205 ± 4.252

n = 710

26.917 ± 3.583

n = 389

0.250

Clinical data

LVEF [%]

Mean ± SD

48.114 ± 14.363

n = 1190

48.107 ± 14.226

n = 750

48.050 ± 14.249

n = 440

p = 0.806

NYHA class

Mean ± SD

1.740 ± 3.143

n = 1235

1.699 ± 0.774

n = 770

1.574 ± 0.707

n = 465

0.008

Presence of valvular implants

n (%)

75

(6.04)

n = 1241

46

(5.95)

n = 773

29

(6.20)

n = 468

p = 0.857

Prior sternotomy

n (%)

194

(15.84)

n = 1225

122

(15.80)

n = 759

72

(16.14)

n = 466

p = 0.881

Arterial hypertension

n (%)

774

(62.37)

1241

486

(62.87)

773

288

(61.54)

468

p = 0.682

Diabetes

n (%)

270

(22.00)

n = 1227

182

(23.88)

n = 762

88

(18.92)

n = 465

p = 0.039

History of CKD or eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

n (%)

62

(5.45)

n = 1137

49

(6.77)

n = 724

13

(3.15)

n = 413

p = 0.014

Creatinine concentrations [mg/dl]

Mean ± SD

1.264

 ± 0.831

n = 1137

1.308

 ± 0.865

n = 724

1.186

 ± 0.762

n = 413

p = 0.021

Permanent atrial fibrillation

n (%)

291

(23.68)

n = 1229

166

(21.76)

n = 763

125

(26.82)

n = 466

p = 0.042

Permanent anticoagulation

n (%)

391

(32.58)

n = 1200

248

(32.98)

n = 752

144

(32.14)

n = 448

p = 0.810

Permanent antiplatelet therapy

n (%)

476

(39.67)

n = 1200

304

(40.43)

n = 752

172

(38.39)

n = 448

p = 0.447

Preoperative pacing system information

Device without ICD lead

n (%)

794

(63.98)

n = 1241

499

(64.55)

n = 773

295

(63.03)

n = 468

p = 0.550

Device with ICD lead

n (%)

447

(36.02)

1241

274

(35.45)

773

173

(36.97)

468

p = 0.550

Dwelling time for oldest lead [months], Mean ± SD

86.525 ± 69.373

n = 1241

89.187 ± 69.686

n = 773

82.011 ± 68.717

n = 468

p = 0.047

Number of CIED-related operative procedures before TLE (upgrading, pocket revision) Mean ± SD

0.838 ± 1.197

n = 1241

0.816 ± 1.266

n = 773

0.868 ± 1.065

n = 468

p = 0.016

Number of all operative procedures before TLE (implantations, reimplantation, upgrading, pocket revision) Mean ± SD

2.413 ± 1.561

n = 1241

2.425 ± 1.654

n = 773

2.385 ± 1.389

n = 468

p = 0.306

Presence of intracardiac lead abrasion

n (%)

213

(26.93)

n = 791

163

(29.37)

n = 555

50

(21.19)

(n = 236)

p = 0.017

Number of leads in system

Mean ± SD

1.956 ± 0.673

n = 1241

1.948 ± 0.670

n = 773

1.970 ± 0.679

n = 468

p = 0.559

Number of patients with abandoned leads

n (%)

246

(19.82)

N = 1241

162

(20.95)

N = 773

84

(17.95)

N = 468

p = 0.224

Mean number of abandoned leads in patients Mean ± SD

0.255 ± 0.627

n = 1241

0.267 ± 0.613

n = 773

0.235 ± 0.639

n = 468

p = 0.304

Total number of leads in patient

Mean ± SD

2.211 ± 0.859

n = 1241

2.214 ± 0.873

n = 773

2.205 ± 0.820

n = 468

p = 0.889

Vegetations presence

n (%)

522

(42.06)

n = 1241

522

(67.53)

n = 773

0

(0.00)

n = 468

p < 0.001

Presence of large vegetation > 2 cm2

n (%)

146

(11.76)

n = 1241

146

(18.89)

n = 773

0

(0.00)

n = 468

p < 0.001

TLE procedure

Technical problems or complications during TLE

Mean ± SD

0.152 ± 0.359

n = 1241

0.145 ± 0.352

n = 773

0.163 ± 0.370

n = 468

p = 0.401

Number of patients with technical problems or complications during TLE n(%)

188

(15.15)

n = 1241

112

(14.45)

n = 773

76

(16.24)

n = 468

p = 0.401

Procedure duration time [min]

Mean ± SD

105.280 ± 50.684

n = 1241

107.854 ± 50.017

n = 766

100.869 ± 44.346

n = 464

p = 0.077

Radiological success

n (%)

1172

(94.44)

n = 1241

732

(94.70)

n = 773

441

(94.23)

n = 468

p = 0.254

Clinical success

n (%)

1199

(96.62)

n = 1241

749

(96.90)

n = 773

450

(96.15)

n = 468

p = 0.594

Major complications

n (%)

18

(1.45)

n = 1241

14

(1.81)

n = 773

4

(0.85)

n = 468

p = 0.175

Minor complications

n (%)

69

(5.56)

n = 1241

48

(6.21)

n = 773

21

(4.49)

n = 468

p = 0.200

Periprocedural deaths

n (%)

7

(5.46)

n = 1241

6

(0.78)

n = 773

1

(0.21)

n = 468

p = 0.200

Follow-up [days]

Mean ± SD

1589,0

 ± 1041,2

n = 1071

1543,9

 ± 1042,1

n = 696

1672,7

 ± 1035,7

n = 375

p = 0.732

Death during follow-up

n (%)

369

(34.45)

n = 1071)

254

(36.49)

n = 696)

115

(30.67)

n = 375

p = 0.065

  1. AF, atrial fibrillation; CIED, cardiac implantable electronic devices; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LRIE, lead related infective endocarditis, LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction, PI, pocket infections, SD, standard deviation, TLE, transvenous lead extraction.
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