Table 2 The AUC, Sensitivity and Specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each predictive panel of plasma metabolites (metabolites-only and metabolites plus demographic/clinical data models) for COVID-19.

G1 vs G2

Demographic/clinical data

 Age + lymphocyte (%)

0.825 (0.794–0.856)^a

0.830 (0.791–0.870)^a

0.736 (0.691–0.782)^a

0.797 (0.694–0.900)^b

0.816 (0.816–0.939)^b

0.725 (0.587–0.863)^b

Metabolites-only

 Kynurenine/tryptophan + lysoPC a C26:0 + pyruvic acid

0.947 (0.931–0.962)^a

0.865 (0.829–0.902)^a

0.897 (0.866–0.929)^a

0.922 (0.863–0.981)^b

0.868 (0.868–0.976)^b

0.900 (0.807–0.993)^b

Metabolites + demographic/clinical data

 Kynurenine/tryptophan + lysoPC a C26:0 + pyruvic acid + sex + neutrophil (%)

0.971 (0.960–0.981)^a

0.930 (0.903–0.957)^a

0.894 (0.863–0.926)^a

0.924 (0.861–0.986)^b

0.895 (0.895–0.992)^b

0.875 (0.773–0.977)^b

G2 vs G3 + G4

Demographic/clinical data

 Lymphocytes (%) + neutrophils (%) + diabetes

0.855 (0.833–0.877)^a

0.748 (0.717–0.779)^a

0.808 (0.768–0.849)^a

0.826 (0.749–0.904)^b

0.756 (0.756–0.849)^b

0.800 (0.676–0.924)^b

Metabolites only

 C10:2 + butyric acid + pyruvic acid

0.975 (0.968–0.983)^a

0.962 (0.948–0.976)^a

0.872 (0.838–0.907)^a

0.967 (0.938–0.996)^b

0.951 (0.951–0.998)^b

0.875 (0.773–0.977)^b

Metabolites + demographic/clinical data

 C10:2 + butyric acid + pyruvic acid + lymphocytes (%) + neutrophils (%)

0.989 (0.985–0.993)^a

0.881 (0.857–0.904)^a

0.967 (0.948–0.985)^a

0.975 (0.953–0.997)^b

0.878 (0.878–0.949)^b

0.925 (0.843–1.000)^b

G3 vs G4

Demographic/clinical data

 NLR

0.653 (0.614–0.692)^a

0.644 (0.595–0.694)^a

0.598 (0.548–0.647)^a

0.624 (0.501–0.747)^b

0.650 (0.650–0.798)^b

0.619 (0.472–0.766)^b

Metabolites only

 LysoPC a 28:0

0.770 (0.736–0.803)^a

0.800 (0.759–0.841)^a

0.638 (0.589–0.686)^a

0.764 (0.660–0.868)^b

0.825 (0.825–0.943)^b

0.643 (0.498–0.788)^b

Metabolites + demographic/clinical data

 LysoPC a 28:0 + hypertension + NLR

0.829 (0.800–0.858)^a

0.775 (0.732–0.818)^a

0.722 (0.677–0.767)^a

0.801 (0.704–0.897)^b

0.775 (0.775–0.904)^b

0.762 (0.633–0.891)^b

Severe (G3 + G4) vs risk of death (G3 + G4)

Demographic/clinical data*

 –

–

–

–

Metabolites only

 LysoPC a 16:0

0.689 (0.649–0.728)^a

0.656 (0.612–0.699)^a

0.635 (0.580–0.691)^a

0.667 (0.544–0.791)^b

0.660 (0.660–0.791)^b

0.656 (0.492–0.821)^b

Metabolites + demographic/clinical data

 LysoPC a 16:0 + age

0.716 (0.676–0.756)^a

0.740 (0.699–0.781)^a

0.656 (0.601–0.711)^a

0.691 (0.564–0.818)^b

0.740 (0.740–0.862)^b

0.656 (0.492–0.821)^b