Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to the serum ALT levels.
From: Low alanine aminotransferase as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in males
Overall | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants, n (%) | 422,452 | 12,169 (2.9) | 168,765 (39.9) | 128,723 (30.5) | 57,700 (13.7) | 55,095 (13.0) | ||
Categorical variables, n (%) | ||||||||
Sex | Male | 229,095 (54.2) | 2,834 (23.3) | 63,741 (37.8) | 77,648 (60.3) | 41,751 (72.4) | 43,121 (78.3) | < 0.0001 |
Female | 193,357 (45.8) | 9,335 (76.7) | 105,024 (62.2) | 51,075 (39.7) | 15,949 (27.6) | 11,974 (21.7) | ||
Smoking status | Never smoker | 268,746 (63.6) | 9,725 (79.9) | 122,729 (72.7) | 78,430 (60.9) | 30,920 (53.6) | 26,942 (48.9) | < 0.0001 |
Ex-smoker | 35,876 (8.5) | 464 (3.8) | 9,821 (5.8) | 12,138 (9.5) | 6,582 (11.4) | 6,871 (12.5) | ||
Current smoker | 99,825 (23.6) | 1,449 (11.9) | 29,285 (17.4) | 32,726 (25.4) | 17,533 (30.4) | 18,832 (34.2) | ||
Unknown | 18,005 (4.3) | 531 (4.4) | 6,930 (4.1) | 5,429 (4.2) | 2,665 (4.6) | 2,450 (4.4) | ||
Physical activity (number of times/week) | 0/week | 227,939 (54.0) | 7,236 (59.4) | 95,223 (56.4) | 67,694 (52.6) | 29,321 (50.8) | 28,465 (51.7) | < 0.0001 |
1–2/week | 104,312 (24.7) | 2,542 (20.9) | 38,011 (22.5) | 32,153 (25.0) | 15,847 (27.5) | 15,759 (28.6) | ||
3–4/week | 40,511 (9.6) | 1,082 (8.9) | 15,700 (9.3) | 12,916 (10.0) | 5,780 (10.0) | 5,033 (9.1) | ||
5–6/week | 11,144 (2.6) | 276 (2.3) | 4,572 (2.7) | 3,606 (2.8) | 1,448 (2.5) | 1,242 (2.3) | ||
Almost every day | 25,817 (6.1) | 639 (5.3) | 10,303 (6.1) | 8,551 (6.6) | 3,450 (6.0) | 2,874(5.2) | ||
Unknown | 12,729 (3.0) | 394 (3.2) | 4,956 (3.0) | 3,803 (3.0) | 1,854 (3.2) | 1,722 (3.1) | ||
Continuous variables, mean ± standard deviation | ||||||||
Age | 49.7 ± 7.1 | 47.7 ± 6.7 | 49.6 ± 7.1 | 50.4 ± 7.1 | 49.9 ± 7.0 | 49.0 ± 6.8 | < 0.0001 | |
Comorbidities | CCI score | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | < 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 2.9 | 22.7 ± 2.7 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 24.2 ± 2.8 | 24.8 ± 2.8 | 25.4 ± 3.0 | < 0.0001 | |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.8 ± 17.7 | 120.2 ± 17.1 | 123.1 ± 17.3 | 126.8 ± 17.6 | 128.7 ± 17.5 | 130.1 ± 17.4 | < 0.0001 | |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.4 ± 11.7 | 75.6 ± 11.4 | 77.4 ± 11.5 | 80.0 ± 11.6 | 81.5 ± 11.6 | 82.5 ± 11.6 | < 0.0001 | |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.0 ± 1.5 | 12.9 ± 1.6 | 13.5 ± 1.5 | 14.1 ± 1.4 | 14.5 ± 1.4 | 14.7 ± 1.4 | < 0.0001 | |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 97.4 ± 33.7 | 91.7 ± 28.5 | 94.1 ± 30.7 | 97.9 ± 34.1 | 100.6 ± 36.2 | 104.4 ± 38.2 | < 0.0001 | |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200.3 ± 38.3 | 187.5 ± 37.0 | 195.2 ± 36.3 | 202.1 ± 37.6 | 205.9 ± 39.2 | 208.6 ± 41.9 | < 0.0001 | |
Liver function test | AST (IU/L) | 26.6 ± 17.1 | 17.9 ± 19.8 | 20.6 ± 6.0 | 25.2 ± 7.5 | 30.0 ± 10.5 | 46.2 ± 35.5 | < 0.0001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 26.2 ± 21.3 | 7.8 ± 1.4 | 15.0 ± 2.7 | 23.9 ± 2.8 | 33.7 ± 2.8 | 61.8 ± 40.3 | < 0.0001 | |
ɤGT (IU/L) | 36.9 ± 49.9 | 16.0 ± 15.1 | 21.1 ± 17.1 | 33.5 ± 30.9 | 48.8 ± 46.5 | 85.1 ± 101.5 | < 0.0001 | |
