Table 2 Generalized Estimating Equations (GEEs) to compare the cortical activation parameters induced by thermal stimulus (25 °C and 5 °C) on the bilateral PFC and MC between fibromyalgia patients and controls (n = 41).

From: The mapping of cortical activation by near-infrared spectroscopy might be a biomarker related to the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms

 

Fibromyalgia (n = 22)

Controls (n = 19)

Group effect

Temperature effect

Group * temperature interaction

25 °C

5 °C

25 °C

5 °C

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Wald χ2

P

Wald χ2

P

Wald χ2

P

Oxyhemoglobin (HbO) peak latency

PFC left

4.95 (0.51)

6.33 (0.71)

7.26 (0.79)

6.71 (0.81)

2.84

0.092

0.45

0.503

2.4

0.122

PFC right

5.73 (0.67)

5.74 (0.66)

7.08 (0.73)

6.07 (0.71)

1.08

0.298

0.82

0.365

0.84

0.359

MC left

5.61 (0.52)

6.48 (0.62)

8.09 (0.90)

8.00 (0.73)

5.39

0.020

0.63

0.427

0.95

0.331

MC right

5.36 (0.56)

5.40 (0.78)

6.98 (0.79)

5.53 (0.83)

1.00

0.317

1.41

0.235

1.56

0.212

Delta value of oxyhemoglobin (mM) (ΔHbO)—from baseline to peak amplitude of the curve

PFC left

0.35 (0.05)

0.41 (0.05)

0.39 (0.10)

0.49 (0.10)

0.42

0.519

2.6

0.107

0.14

0.712

PFC right

0.35 (0.07)

0.44 (0.06)

0.32 (0.05)

0.44 (0.06)

0.05

0.818

3.17

0.075

0.08

0.777

MC left

0.39 (0.06)

0.57 (0.08)

0.44 (0.06)

0.72 (0.13)

1.24

0.265

6.90

0.009

0.27

0.603

MC right

0.35 (0.05)

0.45 (0.06)

0.50 (0.07)

0.44 (0.05)

1.48

0.223

0.12

0.729

2.13

0.144

Delta value of HbO concentration (mM) (ΔHbO*) [based on HbO concentration before thermal stimuli onset minus HbO concentration level 15 s after thermal stimuli end] at 5 °C and 25 °C

PFC left

0.23 (0.03)

0.34 (0.06)

0.30 (0.05)

0.53 (0.14)

2.01

0.157

5.33

0.021

0.55

0.457

PFC right

0.22 (0.04)

0.34 (0.07)

0.25 (0.05)

0.38 (0.08)

0.3

0.581

5.07

0.024

0.02

0.889

MC left

0.17 (0.04)

0.37 (0.06)

0.28 (0.05)

0.54 (0.11)

3.05

0.081

13.15

< 0.001

0.22

0.637

MC right

0.15 (0.03)

0.24 (0.05)

0.26 (0.05)

0.35 (0.07)

3.7

0.054

3.82

0.051

 < 0.01

0.952

  1. Bold denotes data that actually had statistical difference and also the identification of each parameter - just in order to clarify data.
  2. Data are presented as mean and standard error (SE) (n = 41).
  3. SE standard error, PFC pre-frontal cortex area, MC motor cortex area, HbO oxyhemoglobin, mM millimolar.
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