Table 1 The physico-chemical properties of each activated opaline mudstone.

From: Effective cesium removal from Cs-containing water using chemically activated opaline mudstone mainly composed of opal-cristobalite/tridymite (opal-CT)

Activation

Non

Acid

Base

Specific surface area (m2/g)

67.58

101.62

107.36

Cation exchange capacity (cmol/kg)

12.21

24.44

1.09

Zeta potential (mV)

 − 6.66

 − 6.60

 − 16.67

Mean pore diameter (nm)

20.92

14.46

14.27

Total pore volume (cm3/g)

0.353

0.367

0.383

pH

4.24

3.07

9.92