Figure 4
From: Evaluating the energetics of entrainment in a human–machine coupled oscillator system
Entrainment is sometimes transient. (a) Data from an example trial illustrates transient entrainment where step frequency (magenta) oscillates towards and away from the motor frequency (blue). Red data points indicate when the subject is considered entrained with the oscillator system (see “Methods” section for details on entrainment definition). (b) Data from an example trial illustrates steady entrainment. (c) The entrainment step ratio (ESR; ratio of entrained steps to total steps taken during the first 5 min of oscillations in the experiment) and (d) the average entrainment duration (\({\Delta }\overline{t}_{e}\); average time duration of bouts of entrainment) are shown as a function of oscillation amplitude and motor frequency, where each data point represents a subject’s level of entrainment during each trial and box plots summarize the distribution. Linear mixed models were used to statistically test the effects of trial conditions on both entrainment metrics shown here (see Table S1 in the Supplementary Materials for full results).
