Table 2 Requirements on the pointing of the relaunch, starting parameters, variation of gravitational acceleration, and its gradient.

From: Multi-loop atomic Sagnac interferometry

 

\(\alpha _{\delta \tau } (rad)\)

\(\alpha _{\Gamma }\)

\(\beta \)

\(v_{x0}\) (\(\upmu \)m/s)

\(v_{y0}\)

\(v_{z0}\)

\(y_0\) (\(\upmu \)m)

\(z_0\)

\({\delta }g\) (m/s\(^2\))

\({\delta }\Gamma \) (1/s\(^2\))

Compact

\(1.3\,\times 10^{-4}\)

\(<0.1\)

\(9.4\,\times 10^{-5}\)

200 \(^{*}\)

250 \(^{\dagger }\)

250 \(^{\dagger }\)

100 \(^{\ddagger }\)

100 \(^{\ddagger }\)

\(5.6\,\times 10^{-4}\)

\(7.2\times 10^{-2}\)

High sensitivity

\(6\,\times 10^{-6}\)

\(2.5\,\times 10^{-6}\)

\(6.6\,\times 10^{-9}\)

26 \(^{\star }\)

10 \(^{\dagger }\)

10 \(^{\dagger }\)

100 \(^{\ddagger }\)

100 \(^{\ddagger }\)

\(5.4\,\times 10^{-8}\)

\(1.1\times 10^{-8}\)

  1. The parameters are calculated to induce contributions (see Eqs.  5 to 14) by a factor of \(10\cdot {n}\) below the shot-noise limit (\(1/\sqrt{N}\)) for the scenarios in the lower rows of Table 1. We assume \(\delta \tau =10\,\mathrm {ns}\) for a typical experiment control system31, Earth’s gravity gradient \(\Gamma _{x}=\Gamma _{y}=-0.5\Gamma _{z}=1.5\times 10^{-6}\,\mathrm {s}^{-2}\), and \(\Omega _{x}=\Omega _{y}=\Omega _{z}=7.27\times 10^{-5}\) rad/s using Earth’s rotation rate as an upper limit50,51.
  2. \(^*\)Limited by the velocity acceptance of the beam splitter41,43.
  3. \(^\star \)Assuming a gravity gradient compensation21,66,67,68 to \(0.1\cdot \Gamma _{x}\), neglecting the impact on other terms as the small change in the enclosed area66.
  4. \(^\dagger \)Requirement set to limit the change in position w.r.t. the beam splitter between first and last pulse to \(100\,\upmu \mathrm {m}\).
  5. \(^\ddagger \)Constraint to have the atoms within \(100\,\upmu \mathrm {m}\) of the center of the beam splitter at the first pulse.