Table 1 Clinical characteristics.

From: Klotho as a biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease

 

No subclinical atherosclerosis

Subclinical atherosclerosis

P value

Characteristics

N

59

44

 

Age (years)

67 ± 7.8

67.8 ± 8.02

0.808

Male (%)

30 (50.8)

22 (50)

0.619

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

140 (138–152)

140 (134–148)

0.398

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

88 (82–90)

88 (82–90)

0.864

Body mass index (kg/m2)

29 (28–31)

29 (25.3–31)

0.941

ABI

1.05 (0.97–1.10)

0.87 (0.83–0.89)

 < 0.001

CIMT (mm)

0.73 ± 0.066

0.80 ± 0.096

 < 0.001

Comorbidities

Diabetes mellitus (%)

18 (30.5)

23 (52.3)

 < 0.05

Hypertension (%)

53 (89.8)

42 (95.5)

0.291

Current smokers (%)

14 (23.7)

22 (50)

 < 0.01

Dyslipidemia (%)

44 (74.6)

33 (75)

0.961

Macroalbuminuria (%)

24 (40.7)

35 (79.5)

 < 0.001

Laboratory data

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

11.8 (11.2–12.1)

11.9 (11.5–12.4)

0.203

Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.9 (1.38–2.8)

1.87 (1.54–2.39)

0.602

eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

38.63 (36.1–47.8)

38.6 (34.4–42.4)

0.277

UAE (mg/g)

214 (132–600)

979 (359–1277)

 < 0.001

Albumin (g/dL)

3.9 (3.5–4)

3.74 (3.5–3.95)

0.347

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

179 (149–193)

161 (153–201)

0.875

HDL-C (mg/dL)

42 (37–46)

42 (36–46)

0.625

LDL-C (mg/dL)

92 (80–109)

103 (80.3–115.8)

0.259

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

157 ± 39.6

143.1 ± 41.9

0.084

Uric acid (mg/dL)

6.63 ± 1.59

6.61 ± 1.3

0.942

Glucose (mg/dL)

79 (59–106)

108 (83.3–143.8)

 < 0.05

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.2 (8.9–9.8)

9.3 (8.9–9.8)

0.896

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

4.1 (3.8–5)

4.2 (3.9–4.8)

0.928

Klotho (pg/mL)

744.92 (591.05–841.2)

523.96 (361–635.6)

 < 0.001

hs-CRP (mg/L)

5.29 (3.3–7)

5.34 (3.43–7.3)

0.936

TNFα (pg/mL)

15.6 (12–17.9)

14.9 (11.9–17.6)

0.844

IL6 (pg/mL)

3.2 (2.4–4.9)

7.1 (3.9–9.4)

 < 0.001

IL10 (pg/mL)

36.8 (24–50.3)

35 (29.4–42.4)

0.844

KL mRNA (a.u.)

2.2 (1.8–3)

1.7 (1.5–2.1)

 < 0.001

TNF mRNA (a.u.)

1.9 (1.6–2.7)

1.8 (1.29–2.3)

0.107

IL6 mRNA (a.u.)

1.8 (1.5–2.2)

1.8 (1.5–2.3)

0.970

IL10 mRNA (a.u.)

1.25 (1.11–1.37)

1.27 (1.06–1.38)

0.896

  1. Biochemical assessments and gene expression analysis according to the presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease.
  2. BP blood pressure, ABI ankle-brachial index, CIMT carotid intima-media thickness, eGFR estimated glomerular filtrate rate, UAE urinary albumin excretion, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, TNFα tumor necrosis factor, IL interleukin KL Klotho gene.
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