Table 8 Ingredient composition and nutrient content of basal diets (g/100 g, as-fed basis) fed to turkeys.

From: The immune status, oxidative and epigenetic changes in tissues of turkeys fed diets with different ratios of arginine and lysine

Item

Feeding period, weeks

1–4

5–8

9–12

13–16

Ingredients

Wheat

56.454

56.576

64.037

64.472

Maize

–

–

–

10.000

Soybean meal, 48% CP

25.380

27.722

21.121

9.324

Rapeseed meal

4.566

5.000

6.000

7.000

Potato protein

5.000

–

–

–

Soybean oil

0.892

3.088

4.725

4.371

Maize gluten meal

3.000

2.769

–

2.000

Sodium bicarbonate

0.200

0.20

0.100

0.200

Sodium chloride

0.158

0.161

0.217

0.095

Limestone

2.046

1.766

1.391

1.075

Monocalcium phosphate

1.707

1.390

1.409

0.558

l lysine HCl

–

0.317

0.347

0.300

dl methionine

0.195

0.231

0.163

0.072

l-threonine

0.052

0.131

0.139

0.182

Choline chloride

0.10

0.100

0.100

0.100

Vitamin-mineral premixa

0.25

0.250

0.250

0.250

Titanium oxide

–

0.300

–

–

Calculated nutrient contentb

Metabolizable energy, kcal/kg

2800

2900

3000

3150

Crude protein

26.35 (26.79)

24.0 (24.33)

20.3 (20.31)

17.0 (17.35)

Arginine

1.52 (1.50)

1.42 (1.38)

1.21 (1.25)

0.92 (0.89)

Lysine

1.30 (1.23)

1.35 (1.36)

1.20 (1.18)

0.90 (0.76)

Methionine

0.62 (0.61)

0.59 (0.56)

0.46 (0.45)

0.35 (0.38)

Methionine + cysteine

1.09 (1.06)

1.03 (0.97)

0.85 (0.83)

0.71 (0.72)

Threonine

1.05 (1.03)

0.97 (0.94)

0.84 (0.83)

0.76 (0.78)

Calcium

1.25

1.10

0.95

0.65

Available phosphorus

0.65

0.55

0.47

0.32

Amino acids added to basal diets

LLALc

 l-Lysine HCld

0.47

0.18

0.15

0.30

 l-Arginine HCl

0.02

0.05

–

0.06

 dl-Methionine

–

0.03

0.06

–

LLAH

 l-Lysine HCl

0.47

0.18

0.15

0.30

 l-Arginine HCl

0.18

0.20

0.12

0.16

 dl-Methionine

–

0.03

0.06

–

LHAL

 l-Lysine HCl

0.67

0.37

0.32

0.43

 l-Arginine HCl

0.17

0.19

0.11

0.16

 dl-Methionine

–

0.03

0.06

–

LHAH

 l-Lysine HCl

0.67

0.37

0.32

0.43

 l-Arginine HCl

0.35

0.35

0.25

0.27

 dl-Methionine

–

0.03

0.06

–

  1. aProvided per kg diet (feeding periods: weeks 0–4, 5–8, 9–12 and 13–16): mg: retinol 3.78, 3.38, 2.88, and 2.52; cholecalciferol 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, and 0.09; a-tocopheryl acetate 100, 90, 80, and 70; vit. K3 5.8, 5.6, 4.8, and 4.2; thiamine 5.4, 4.7, 4.0, and 3.5; riboflavin 8.4, 7.5, 6.4, and 5.6; pyridoxine 6.4, 5.6, 4.8, and 4.2; cobalamin 0.032, 0.028, 0.024, and 0.021; biotin 0.32, 0.28, 0.24, and 0.21; pantothenic acid 28, 24, 20, and 18; nicotinic acid 84, 75, 64, and 56; folic acid 3.2, 2.8, 2.4, and 2.1; Fe 64, 60, 56 and 48; Mn 120, 112, 96, and 84; Zn 110, 103, 88, and 77; Cu 23, 19, 16, and 14; I 3.2, 2.8, 2.4, and 2.1; Se 0.30, 0.28, 0.24, and 0.21, respectively.
  2. bThe value in parentheses was determined analytically.
  3. cLLAL, diet with low Lys and low Arg levels; LLAH, diet with low Lys and high Arg levels; LHAL, diet with high Lys and low Arg levels; LHAH, diet with high Lys and high Arg levels.
  4. dl-Lysine HCl contained 780 g lysine/kg (Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S). l-Arginine HCl contained 990 g arginine/kg (Ajinomoto Eurolysine S.A.S). dl-Methionine contained 990 g methionine/kg (MetAMINO; Evonik Degussa Gmbh).
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