Table 2 Association of type 2 diabetes with lumbar disc disorder, spondylotic radiculopathy spondylolisthesis, and spinal stenosis.

From: Strong association of type 2 diabetes with degenerative lumbar spine disorders

Outcome

Groups

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted* OR (95% CI)

Lumbar disc disorder

Matched control

Reference

Reference

Diabetic patients

1.15 (1.14–1.17)

1.11 (1.10–1.12)

p value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Spondylotic radiculopathy

Matched control

Reference

Reference

Diabetic patients

1.17 (1.16–1.18)

1.12 (1.11–1.13)

p value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Spondylolisthesis

Matched control

Reference

Reference

Diabetic patients

1.10 (1.06–1.12)

1.05 (1.02–1.08)

p value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

Spinal stenosis

Matched control

Reference

Reference

Diabetic patients

1.24 (1.23–1.26)

1.16 (1.15–1.18)

p value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

  1. OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval.
  2. *Adjusted by age, sex, type of beneficiary, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidemia.