Table 3 Hazard ratios for the association between DPP-4 inhibitor use and primary composite outcome, acute myocardial infraction, stroke, and heart failure compared to sulfonylureas and metformin.

From: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor cardiovascular safety in patients with type 2 diabetes, with cardiovascular and renal disease: a retrospective cohort study

Reference drug

Hazard ratios for DPP-4 inhibitors use

Primary composite outcomec

Acute myocardial infarction

Stroke

Heart failure

Sulfonylureas

HR (95% CI)a

0.77 [0.69, 0.93]

0.81 [0.56, 1.07]

1.03 [0.84, 1.34]

0.59 [0.35, 0.89]

aHR (95% CI)a

0.84 [0.74, 0.93]

0.95 [0.72, 1.40]

1.08 [0.89, 1.35]

0.71 [0.35, 1.09]

Metformin

HR (95% CI)a

0.98 [0.87, 1.08]

1.13 [0.92, 1.53]

1.12 [0.98, 1.34]

0.94 [0.62, 1.41]

aHR (95% CI)b

1.07 [0.98, 1.16]

1.32 [0.96, 1.81]

1.16 [0.98, 1.42]

1.19 [0.81, 1.81]

  1. aPropensity score weighting only.
  2. bPropensity score weighting and demographics, comorbidities, and concomitant medications as regressors and stratifiers.
  3. cPrimary composite outcome includes myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, coronary artery bypass, coronary angioplasty, heart failure, stroke, inpatient death.
  4. Bold values indicate statistically significant results.
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