Table 2 Morphometric mean values with standard deviation (SD) and range of P. acarne, P. bogaraveo, and P. erythrinus adult group individuals: OL (otolith length), OW (otolith width), OP (otolith perimeter), OS (otolith surface), SP (sulcus perimeter), SS (sulcus surface), SL (sulcus length), SW (sulcus width), CL (cauda length), CW (cauda width), OSL (ostium length), OSW (ostium width), RW (rostrum width), RL (rostrum length), CI (circularity), RE (rectangularity), aspect ratio (OW/OL%), the ratio of otolith length to total fish length (OL/TL), percentage of otolith surface occupied by the sulcus (SS/OS%), percentage of the sulcus length occupied by the cauda length (CL/SL%), percentage of the sulcus length occupied by the ostium length (OSL/SL%), rostrum aspect ratio (RW/RL%) and percentage of the rostrum length occupied by the otolith length (RL/OL%). (R = right, L = left).

From: Intra- and interspecific variability among congeneric Pagellus otoliths

Otolith morphological characters (mm-mm2)

P. bogaraveo

Mean ± SD

P. bogaraveo

Min.–Max

P. erythrinus

Mean ± SD

(R otoliths)

P. erythrinus

Min.–Max

(R otoliths)

P. erythrinus

Mean ± SD

(L otoliths)

P. erythrinus

Min.–Max

(L otoliths)

P. acarne

Mean ± SD

(R otoliths)

P. acarne

Min.–Max

(R otoliths)

P. acarne

Mean ± SD

(L otoliths)

P. acarne

Min.–Max

(L otoliths)

OL

9.81 ± 0.34

7.40–13.90

10.04 ± 1.092

7.37–11.95

9.83 ± 1.175

7.46–12.16

9.67 ± 0.875

8.11–11.25

9.81 ± 1.332

4.98–11.24

OW

6.06 ± 0.19

4.57–8.29

7.76 ± 0.865

5.89–9.14

7.21 ± 0. 894

5.44–8.76

4.99 ± 0.500

4.09–5.70

5.21 ± 0.901

4.38–9.10

OP

29.37 ± 1.06

21.64–43.63

31.10 ± 3.628

24.56–11.95

31.19 ± 3.273

26–37.94

28.77 ± 3.69

21.85–38.22

30.12 ± 3.390

23.10–35.84

OS

41.4 ± 2.85

24.23–76.71

52.59 ± 10.56

31.25–72.21

49.40 ± 10.943

27.50–69.45

32.79 ± 5.381

22.47–41.49

34.66 ± 4.682

26.37–41.54

SP

19.83 ± 0.51

14.01–25.24

21.61 ± 3.507

12.26–26.47

21.91 ± 2.750

16.30–27.27

20.06 ± 2.605

15,01–25,12

20.52 ± 2.535

16.49–25.21

SS

6.12 ± 0.27

3.61–9.49

11.72 ± 3.201

5.58–18.42

10.56 ± 2.750

5.77–15.81

7.38 ± 1.562

4.95–9.98

7.87 ± 1.608

5.55–10.41

SL

8.01 ± 0.20

5.95–9.69

8.43 ± 1.129

5.95–11.18

8.71 ± 1.101

6.33–10.85

7.49 ± 1.739

3.05–10.22

7.98 ± 1.874

3.13–10.47

CL

4.189 ± 0.131

3.03–5.59

4.51 ± 0.580

3.26–5.47

4.70 ± 0.613

3.52–5.74

4.03 ± 1.042

1.38–5.61

4.55 ± 1.203

1.26–5.96

CW

1.50 ± 0.063

0.77–2.13

2.370 ± 0.584

1.41–3.94

1.73 ± 0.255

1.25–2.40

2.19 ± 0.997

1.30–5.44

1.91 ± 0.940

1.25–5.00

CP

9.93 ± 0.29

7.32–12.74

11.20 ± 2.730

2.34–14.97

11.66 ± 1.454

9.03–14.03

10.69 ± 1.565

8.12–13.47

11.33 ± 1.369

13.37–8.60

CS

2.95 ± 0.14

1.46–4.35

5.41 ± 1.524

2.85–8.28

4.74 ± 1.181

2.78–7.25

4.07 ± 1.080

2.15–5.76

4.39 ± 0.890

3.08–5.97

OSL

3.82 ± 0.10

2.61–4.92

3.913–0.685

2.69–6.29

4.01 ± 0.610

2.81–5.26

3.46 ± 0.795

1.48–4.68

3.43 ± 0.756

1.87–4.80

OSW

1.70 ± 0.080

1.03–3.26

3.053 ± 2.191

1.30–12.86

2.10 ± 0.391

1.45–2.93

2.06 ± 0.611

1.43–3.89

2.19 ± 0.460

3.40–1.40

OSP

9.89 ± 0.29

6.46–14.24

10.41 ± 1.401

7.20–12.71

10.26 ± 1.545

7.27–13.23

9.37 ± 1.437

6.88–12.25

9.19 ± 1.362

6.71–11,93

OSS

3.16 ± 0.15

1.88–5.65

6.31 ± 1.800

2.51–10.14

5.82 ± 1.708

2.93–9.55

3.31 ± 0.793

2.14–4.76

3.48 ± 0.837

5.20–1.96

RW

3.26 ± 0.08

2.31–4.42

9.83 ± 1.805

6.20–13.30

3.67 ± 0.537

2.87–5.04

3.17 ± 0.520

2.25–4.05

3.42 ± 0.510

2.57–4.34

RL

2.29 ± 0.080

1.61–3.18

4.37 ± 1.748

1.41–8.23

1.73 ± 0.380

1.13–2.77

2.58 ± 0.400

1.77–3.22

2.97 ± 0.049

2.29–4.33

OP2/OS

21.39 ± 0.26

19.07–25.16

18.57 ± 1.271

16.61–22.65

20.21 ± 3.27

17.54–33.28

25.46 ± 3.917

19.94–36.90

26.35 ± 3.892

20.24–34.67

OS/(Ol × OW)

0.67 ± 0.006

0.55–0.73

0.67 ± 0.023

0.62–0.72

0.69 ± 0.66

0.42–0.80

0.67 ± 0.025

0.64–0.73

0.69 ± 0.021

0.63–0.72

OW/OL%

62 ± 0.5

57–69

77.45 ± 5.06

69.38–91.22

73.41 ± 2.53

68.53 -80.04

51.71 ± 3.49

47.01–59.43

56.02 ±27.21

44.27–182.66

OL/TL

0.04 ± 0.001

0.04–0.06

0.054 ± 0.0038

0.048–0.062

0.053 ± 0.005

0.04–0.06

0.047 ± 0.005

0.035–0.054

0.047 ± 0.006

0.024–0.055

SS/OS%

15 ± 0.5

9.4–18.9

22.15 ± 2.34

16.10–25.52

21.44 ± 3.86

16.03–38.36

22.50 ± 2.80

16.39–27.08

22.59 ± 2.60

16.57–27.78

CL/SL%

52 ± 0.6

47–63

53.69 ± 3.22

43.76–58.86

54.05 ± 2.98

44.30–60.72

53.44 ± 4.38

41.09–58.09

56.28 ± 5.82

39.22–63.82

OSL/SL%

47 ± 0.6

36–52

46.31 ± 3.22

56.24–41.14

45.95 ± 2.98

39.28–55.70

46.56 ± 4.38

41.91–58.91

43.73 ± 5.82

36.18–60.78

RW/RL%

144 ± 2.8

120–186

230.51 ± 38.28

91.43–317.81

215.95 ± 23.33

161.49–254.20

125.15 ± 22.76

79.47–152.30

115.85 ± 12.44

87.70–132.92

RL/OL%

23.7 ± 0.6

18–30

17.42 ± 3.80

9.31–30.07

17.60 ± 3.02

10.97–24.80

26.78 ± 4.23

20.39–36.57

30.87 ± 6.78

22.07–57.14