Table 2 Metabolites that were associated with 5-year postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism after multiple adjustment.

From: Metabolic signatures in the conversion from gestational diabetes mellitus to postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism: a pilot study in Asian women

Metabolites ID

Chemical name

Association with 5-year postpartum AGM

Potential predictor of AGM among GDM women

regardless GDM status

GDM subjects

Non-GDM subjects

187.0077_3.20_rn

p-Cresol sulfate

+

+

212.0026_2.41_rn

Indoxyl sulfate

+

 

217.0177_3.95_rn

3-CMPFP

+

 

254.9827_0.42_rn

Ascorbic acid-2-sulfate

+

 

271.2053_6.85_rp

Alpha-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate

+

 

274.1047_0.42_rn

Glutaminylglutamic acid

+

+

 

279.2316_0.44_hp

Alpha-Linolenic acid

+

 

279.2323_9.57_rp

Alpha-Linolenic acid

+

 

281.2476_0.44_hp

Linoleic acid

+

+

351.1640_4.20_rn

Epiandrosterone sulfate

+

 

367.1062_0.46_rn

3-O-Feruloylquinic acid

+

 

369.1742_5.47_rn

Epiandrosterone sulfate

+

 

369.1746_4.93_rn

Epiandrosterone sulfate

+

 

378.1011_5.22_rn

Chondroitin

+

 

429.3001_8.36_rp

Spirotaccagenin

+

+

 

446.2915_5.37_rn

Glycocholic acid

+

449.1307_4.15_rn

Oleoside 11-methyl ester

+

 

464.3024_4.78_rn

LysoPC(16:1)

+

 

471.2434_4.21_rn

LysoPE(20:4)

+

 

494.3249_8.41_rp

LysoPC(16:1)

+

546.3563_8.78_rp

LysoPC(20:3)

+

+

559.4713_0.44_hp

DG(18:4)

+

 

577.4823_0.44_hp

DG(18:3)

+

 
  1. FDR false discovery rate.
  2. All models were adjusted for age at year 5, ethnicity (Chinese as reference), college education, BMI at year 5, family history of T2D, and nulliparity.
  3.  + : Associated with 5-year postpartum AGM with FDR < 0.1, −: FDR ≥ 0.1, : considered as potential indicator of AGM among GDM women.