Figure 5


Application of the SPPA algorithm in comparisons of the biological impact of MS from reference versus commercial cigarettes. A The total effect scores (TES) for three time points after reference 3R4F and commercial CB8 smoke exposure using SPPA algorithm. B, C The degree of effect of 3R4F (B) and CB8 (C) smoke exposure on 27 cell-related topics at different time points. The redder the color, the higher the effect score. D The Z-score values of ten cancer-related pathways at different time points under 3R4F and CB8 treatment using SPPA algorithm. The larger the sector area, the larger the Z-score value, indicating the greater the perturbation to the pathway.