Figure 4

Alpha- and beta-diversity of microbiota in controls and antibiotic-treated subjects over time. Panel (A) Phylogenetic diversity over time in the two groups of subjects; Kruskal Wallace analysis. Panel (B) Unweighted UniFrac distances over time. Panel (C) Comparison of beta diversity between baseline and follow-up specimens in the control and antibiotic treatment groups. Box-and-whisker plots (Tukey) of unweighted UniFrac distance are shown at sequencing depth of 8,000. Comparisons were done between baseline (0) vs. follow up (W6, 3M, 6M), by Pairwise Permanova testing with 999 permutation; no differences were significant at p < 0.05. Panels (A,B) are created by QIIME2 software (version 2-2019.1) while Panel (C) was created by R software Ggplot2 package.